ORIGINS OF

THE COLD
WAR
TODAY’S OBJECTIVE
 After today’s lesson, students will be able to…
 Explain the origins of the Cold War and discuss how it was heightened.

 Essential Skill:
 Explicitly assess information and draw conclusions
UNITED STATES OBJECTIVES
 Truman Doctrine
 Aid free people against “armed minorities
and outside forces”/ Greece & Turkey

 Marshall Plan
 Economic aid to W. Europe/military
presence

 Kennan’s X-Article
 Containment

 NSC-68
 Containment/military build-up
PERCEIVED SOVIET
OBJECTIVES
 Destroy Germany (revenge)

 Dominate Eastern European border states

(satellite countries)

 Increase economic and political influence

through forced spread of communism
SOVIET EXPANSION AFTER
WW2
DIVISION OF GERMANY
BERLIN AIRLIFT (1948-1949)
NORTH ATLANTIC
TREATY
ORGANIZATION
(NATO): 1949
 The core provision of the treaty states:

 The parties agree that an unarmed attack against one or more of them in
Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and
consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them…
will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking…such action as it
deems necessary, including the use of armed forces, to restore and maintain
the security of the North Atlantic area
 NATO VS. WARSAW PACT
 NATO
 Defense alliance among U.S. and
Europe (still exists)

 Warsaw Pact:
 Defense alliance among Soviet
Union and its satellite governments
in Eastern Europe
QUESTION TO CONSIDER
 Consider the Soviet reaction to this American/European treaty?
 Is there reaction justified?
 Why or why not?
A WORLD DIVIDED: 1959
 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
ORGANIZATION (1949)
 United States  Luxembourg
 Belgium  Netherlands
 Britain  Norway
 Canada  Portugal
 Denmark  Greece & Turkey (1952)
 France  West Germany (1955)
 Ireland  Spain (1983)
 Italy
 WARSAW PACT (1955)
 U.S.S.R.  East Germany
 Albania  Hungary
 Bulgaria  Poland
 Czechoslovakia  Romania
MAP ACTIVITY DIRECTIONS
1. Label the countries of post-WWII Europe
2. Create a key and color-code your map

 One Color = NATO Countries

 One Color = Warsaw Pact Countries
 One Color = Non-aligned Countries
REVIEW
 When was NATO established? The Warsaw Pact?
 Why did the Allied Powers divided Germany after WWII? Was this
division permanent?
 Would you respond to the Berlin Blockade similarly to Truman? What
factors influenced your decision?
 What were NATO and the Warsaw Pact?
 Looking at the map, why do you think they were organized in this manor?
 Why might a country choose not to join?
 How do these two agreements help represent the division of the Cold
War?