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Projectile
Projectile
Motion of a projectile,
Velocity,
Acceleration,
Displacement,
Trajectory (that is the path drawn by a moving projectile)
PROJECTILE MOTION
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
y
•Motion is accelerated
•Acceleration is constant,
and downward
• a = g = -9.81m/s2
•The horizontal (x)
component of velocity is
g = -9.81m/s2 constant
•The horizontal and
vertical motions are
independent of each other,
x
but they have a common
time
ANALYSIS OF MOTION
• x-direction (horizontal): uniform motion
• y-direction (vertical): accelerated motion
• no air resistance
QUESTIONS:
• What is the trajectory?
• What is the total time of the motion?
• What is the horizontal range?
• What is the final velocity?
Equations of motion:
Frame of reference:
X Y
y
Uniform Accel. m.
v0
m.
ACCL. ax = 0 ay = ag = -9.81
h g m/s2
VELC. vx = v 0 vy = Vyo- g t
x DSPL. x = v0 t y = h + ½ g t2
0
y= Vyo t- ½ g t2
Given:
1.50 m/s2
Δx = 0.70 m
V0x = 1.50 m/s
V0y= 0
0.70 m Δ y=?
Δt = ? time in the air Given:
a.Δy = ? Δx = 0.70 m
b.Vy= ? V0x = 1.50 m/s
V0y= 0
Δ y=?
Δt = ?
= Δx/v0
= 0.70 m/1.50 m/s
= 0.46666667s or 0.47s total time of marble in the
air
Given:
Δx = 0.70 m Δt = 0.47s
V0x = 1.50 m/s
V0y= 0
Δy= - ½ agt2
y = - ½ 9.8m/s2 (0.47s)2
y = - 1.08 m
h= 1.08 m t = 0.47 s
0.70 m
A pool ball leaves a 0.60m high table with
an initial horizontal velocity of 2.4 m/s.
vi Initial position: x = 0, y = 0
Velocity components:
x- direction : vix = vi cos Θ
x
y H= vy2 / 2g
a =g=
- 9.81m/s2
• Motion is accelerated
• Acceleration is constant, and
downward
• a = g = -9.81m/s2
• The horizontal (x) component of
velocity is constant
• The horizontal and vertical
motions are independent of each
other, but they have a common
time
x
Equations of motion:
X Y
Uniform motion Accelerated motion
ACCELERATION ax = 0 ay = g = -9.81 m/s2
x = vi t cos Θ
Parabola, open down
y = vi t sin Θ + ½ g t2 y
Eliminate time, t
t = x/(vi cos Θ)
vi x sin gx 2
y 2
vi cos 2vi cos 2
g
y x tan x 2
2vi2 cos 2
y = bx + ax2
x
TOTAL TIME, ΔT
y = vi t sin Θ + ½ g t2
final height y = 0, after time interval Δt
0 = vi Δt sin Θ + ½ g (Δt)2
Solve for Δt:
0 = vi sin Θ + ½ g Δt x
2 vi sin Θ
Δt = t=0 Δt
(-g)
HORIZONTAL RANGE, ΔX
x = vi t cos Θ y
final y = 0, time is
the total time Δt
Δx = vi Δt cos Θ
2 vi sin Θ
Δt = x
(-g) 0
sin (2 Θ) = 2 sin Θ cos Θ
Δx
2vi 2 sin Θ cos Θ vi 2 sin (2 Θ)
Δx = Δx =
(-g) (-g)
HORIZONTAL RANGE, ΔX
vi 2 sin (2 Θ)
Δx =
(-g)
90 0
TRAJECTORY AND HORIZONTAL
RANGE
g
y x tan 2 x 2
2vi cos 2
35
30 vi = 25 m/s 15 deg
25 30 deg
45 deg
20
60 deg
15
75 deg
10
0
0 20 40 60 80
•Final speed = initial speed (conservation of energy)
•Impact angle = - launch angle (symmetry of parabola)
vy = vi sin Θ + g t
y = vi t sin Θ + ½ g t2
At maximum height vy = 0
2 vi sin Θ
Total time Δt =
(-g)
vi 2 sin (2 Θ)
Horizontal range Δx =
(-g)
vi2 sin2 Θ
Max height hmax =
2(-g)
1. the net acceleration of the ball is a constant at _______.
2. the horizontal acceleration of the ball is ________ at all times.
3.the vertical acceleration of the ball during ascent is always
directed ____________.
4.The vertical acceleration of the ball during descent is always
directed ____________.
5.The net velocity of the ball is least at the _________.
6.The net velocity of the ball is ________ nowhere.
Problem to solve:
1.A golf ball is hit with a velocity of 24.5 m/s at 350 above the
horizontal.
a.Find the range of the ball
b.The maximum height of the ball