IT for Management

Emerging trends in IT
E-commerce
 E-commerce is referred as a way of carrying
business communications and transactions
using computers over internet or any other
network.

 Transaction is referred as exchanges taking

place between two entities.
Types of E-commerce
 B2C

 B2B

 B2A

 C2C
B2B
 B2B E-commerce can also be used to

 Develop, retain and cultivate relationships with customer

 Streamline the supply chain, manufacturing, procurement

process and automate corporate processes to deliver the
right product and services to right customer quickly and
cost effectively

 Capture, analyze and share information about customers

and company operations in order to make better
decisions
B2A
 B2A applications include submission of
planning applications, tax returns or patent
registration.
Processes in E-commerce
 There exist five important processes in an E-
commerce lifecycle
◦ Information sharing
◦ Ordering
◦ Payment
◦ Fulfillment
◦ Support and services
Types of electronic payment
 E-cash

 E-cheque

 Credit card
Advantages of E-commerce
 24X 7
 Reduced price
 Global marketplace
 Increased potential market share
 Low cost advertising
 Low start up cost
 Secure payment system
 Lower cost of practising business
Disadvantages of E-commerce
 Unable to examine products personally
 H/W and S/W
 Distribution problems
 Maintenance of website
 Costs
 Customer loyalty
 Training and maintenance
 Security
EDI
 EDI referred as electronic transmission of routine
business documents such as purchase orders,
invoices etc between computers in standard format.

 EDI is transmission of business data between two

machines

 EDI is defined as a collection of public standard

message formats and a data element dictionary that
allows trading partners to exchange data in a
simple way using any electronic messaging service.
EDI benefits
 Eliminate manual data entry
 Improve data consistency
 Increases compatibility
 Common set of commercial tools and

processes

EDI limitations
 Most of the real benefits are strategic and
intangible in nature.
 Different approach to cost-benefit analysis is

required
 Appropriate ROI
Mobile communication
 Mobile phone services
 SMS
 MMS
 WAP
Few new services could be
 Infotainment
◦ Whether forecast
◦ Messaging
◦ Personal information manager
◦ Financial services
 E-banking, E-commerce
◦ Location based services
GPS
 It is a satellite based navigation system,
which is made up of a network of satellite
placed into orbit by the US department of
defense.

 Comprises of 27 satellite
GPS application
 Some useful application are
 Airborne application
 Surveyors
 Recreational activities
 Automobiles
Smart cards
 Microprocessor card

 Memory cards

 Optical memory card

Smart card appication
 Loyalty and stored value
 Securing information and physical assets
 E-commerce
 Personal finance
 Healthcare
 Campus identification and access
Wimax
 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE) 802 committee (802.16 ).

 connectivity at speeds up to 70 Mbps
WIMAX
How Wimax works

 WiMAX system consists of two parts:

◦ WiMAX Base Station: Typically, a base station can cover up to 10 km radius.
◦ WiMAX receiver: could be a stand-alone box or a PC card.

 Goal of WIMAX:
Provide high-speed Internet access to home and business
subscribers, without wires.

 Supports:
◦ Legacy voice systems
◦ Voice over IP
◦ TCP/IP
◦ Applications with different QoS requirements.
Introduction

A WIMAX tower An example of WIMAX receiver

: PCMCIA card
WiMax Forum
 It is a non-profit industry body dedicated to
promoting the adoption of this technology and
ensuring that different vendors’ products will
interoperate.
 It is doing this through developing conformance
and interoperability test plans and certification
program.
 WiMAX Forum Certified™ means a service
provider can buy equipment from more than
one company and be confident that everything
works together.
Wi-Fi: The Predecessor of WiMax
 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a set of technologies
that are based on the IEEE 802.11a,b, and g
standards.
 Wi-Fi is considered to be one of the first widely
deployed fixed broadband wireless networks.
 The Wi-Fi architecture consists of a base
station that wireless hosts connect to in order
to access network resources.
 As long as the users remain within 300 feet of
the fixed wireless access point, they can
maintain broadband wireless connectivity.
Strengths of Wi-Fi
 Simplicity and ease of deployment given that it
uses unlicensed radio spectrum which does not
require regulatory approval.
 Cost of rolling out this wireless solution is low.
 Users are able to be mobile for up to 300 feet

from the access point.

 There are many Wi-Fi compatible products that

are available at a low cost and can interoperate

with other network technologies. Wi-Fi clients
can work seamlessly in other countries with
minimal configuration.
Weaknesses of Wi-Fi
 Limited level of mobility.
 Susceptible to interference.
 Designed technically for short-range

operations and basically an indoors

technology.
 Security is a concern.
Relation of Wi-Fi and WiMax
 WiMax eliminates the constraints of Wi-Fi.
 Unlike Wi-Fi, WiMax is intended to work outdoors
over long distances.
 WiMax is a more complex technology and has to
handle issues of importance such as QoS
guarantees, carrier-class reliability, NLOS.
 WiMax is not intended to replace Wi-Fi. Instead, the
two technologies complement each other.