INTERNATIONAL MOBILE

TELECOMMUNICATION - 2000

Made By:
Amrutha Raj
ECE, VII Semester
1020902816
 Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Transmission aspects
• Family members
• Compatibility requirements
• Service requirements
• Frequency bands
 Introduction

• International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000 (IMT-2000) is a worldwide

set of requirements for a family of standards for the 3rd generation of mobile
communications. The IMT-2000 "umbrella specifications" are developed by the
International Telecommunicatons Union (ITU). Originally it was the intention to have only
one truly global standard but that turned out to be impossible. IMT-2000 provides
worldwide mobile broadband multimedia services via a single global frequency band. The
frequency range is around 2000 MHz.
• IMT-2000 aims at highly cost effective radio access networks, particularly for developing countries, whether
they require the associated mobility management capabilities or not. The modular nature of IMT-2000 allows
networks to be configured with just the capabilities required and then enhanced if required to a fully
personalized mobile network. The dual transmission capabilities (satellite and terrestrial), allow initial
deployment via satellite, where there is little or no existing fixed infrastructure, and migration to a terrestrial
infrastructure later on.
 Transmission Aspects
• IMT2000 intends to provide access to a wide range of services in a wide variety of operating
environments, far exceeding that of current systems. Speed of movement of terminals may vary from
zero (for fixed subscriber loops) to high. This may result is rapidly changing channel conditions and
substantial Doppler spreads;
• User density may vary from city centres (requiring very high capacity) to isolated users in remote areas;
• The physical propagation environment of the user may be outdoor (urban, suburban, rural, maritime,
aeronautical, etc.) or indoor;
• Coverage can range from continuous (i.e., cellular) to discontinuous (islands or spots);
• The mode of delivery may be terrestrial or satellite-based. In some special situations, such as in
airplains, two or more radio links can be operated in tandem. While current wireless systems are
optimized for a particular propagation environment, IMT 2000 provides competitive services to the user
in any of these operating conditions, using a single device. An important additional feature is global
roaming.
Key features of the radio access for IMT-2000 therefore include:

• A high degree of flexibility;

• Cost-effectiveness in all operating conditions;
• Commonality of design world wide;
• Operation of IMT-2000 terrestrial and satellite components within the bands
identified by WARC-92 for world wide use.
 Family Members
• For the terrestrial mobile network, there are six family members identified as being IMT-2000 compatible:
­ IMT Direct Spread (IMT-DS; also known as UMTS/UTRA-FDD);
­ IMT Multicarrier (IMT-MC; also known as CDMA2000);
­ IMT Time Code (IMT-TC; also known as UMTS/UTRA-TDD, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA “narrowband
TDD”);
­ IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC; also known as UWC-136 or EDGE);
­ IMT Frequency Time (IMT-FT; also known as DECT).
­ IMT OFDMA TDD WMAN (also known as mobile WiMAX)
• Originally, the IMT family consisted of five family members. The sixth family member (mobile WiMAX) was
added later, in October 2007.
 Compatibility Requirements

• The fundamental problem for a single global standard IMT-2000 is that no single
standard could upgrade cdma one cellular system and handover to GSM cellular
system. This means that one TDMA based standard and two very similar CDMA-
based IMT-2000 standards are set for deployment. The main reason for this is
compatibility with existing systems, which can be briefly described in three ways.
• Direct Upgrades : This need to retain the TDMA structure.
• Roaming : It involves multiple modes of operation, each representing a different 3G
system.
• Handover : It actually hands over 3G mobile users to a 2G network as they move
outside its coverage area.
 Service Requirements

Service classification Switch Upstream Downstream Asymmetry Application

type data rate data rate factor
Speech Circuit 28.8 kbps 28.8 kbps Symmetric Telephony
Switched data Circuit 43.2 kbps 43.2 kbps Symmetric Fax
Interactive multimedia Circuit 256 kbps 256 kbps Symmetric Videoconference
Simple message Packet 28.8 kbps 28.8 kbps Symmetric Email
Medium multimedia Packet 19.2 kbps 768 kbps 40 Web surfing
High multimedia Packet 20 kbps 2000 kbps 100 TV
Considering the table in the previous slide, first three services require circuit switching,
this is likely to be accomplished via virtual circuits rather than actual circuits. The
virtual circuits are more efficient than real ones because they send data during the
pauses in conversation. Most videophone and vedioconference protocols send only the
parts of a picture that have changed instead of a complete new image for each frame,
allowing significant bandwidth saving. Every bit of information is packetized, including,
fax and video, but packets in a virtual circuit are given priority over others. This
guarantees capacity to a mobile user who has paid for it and frees it up for others when
not in use.
 Frequency Bands
The frequency bands 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz were identified for IMT-2000 by the ITU
in 1992. Terrestrial IMT-2000 networks will operate in the following bands:

• 1920 - 1980 MHz paired with 2110 - 2170 MHz, FDD with mobile stations transmitting in the
lower sub-band.
• 1885 - 1920 MHz and 2010 - 2025 MHz, unpaired for TDD operation.

In Europe is the TDD band from 1885-1900 MHz not available for licenses use of IMT-2000, this is
used by cordless telephony (DECT).
In addition to this core-band the frequency band 2500 to 2690 MHz was identified in 2000, of
which the edges, ranging from 2500-2520 and 2670-2690 MHz, are at first identified for satellite
communications. Existing second generation bands (including GSM bands) 806 to 960 MHz, 1429
to 1501 MHz and 1710 to 1885 MHz are also identified for IMT-2000 in the long term.
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