Week 2

Parts of Speech & Article

 Objectives

Students will be able to:

learn different types of verbs
learn adverbs and how to use adverbs in a sentence
and paragraph
Learn preposition and its usage
Learn conjunction and interjection
Use all parts of speech in their writing effectively
 Verb
• A verb is a word that expresses an action or state
of being.

• e.g. Run, jump, dance, write

• e.g. He writes a letter on every Monday.

 Types of verb
Action verbs Auxiliary/ Helping verbs

walk, move, play, have, do, be

write etc.

Linking verbs Modal verbs

to be ( is, am, are, (can/could,

was, were), seem, may/might,
feel, look will/shall)
 Continued

• Transitive and intransitive verbs :

• Transitive verb takes object.

Ex. He is writing a letter.

• Intransitive verb does not take object.

Ex. He sleeps.
Adverb
 Adverb
• Adverbs are used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb.
Examples:
Simon sings beautifully. (Verb)

David is extremely clever.(Adjective)

This car goes incredibly fast. (Adverb)

Can you make a sentence using these
adverbs?
 Types of adverb

• Adverb of Manner
• Adverb of Place
• Adverb of Time
• Form of Adverb
• MPT Formula
• Conjunctive Adverb
 Adverb of Manner
It deals with How some action is done.

Examples:
• I wrote quickly.

• He talked slowly.

• Examples are: slowly, carefully, terribly, seriously, well,

pleasantly, really, thus etc.
 Adverb of Place
Place adverbs tell us about where something happens or
where something is.

Examples
There was somebody standing nearby.

You go upstairs and do your homework. I’ll

come up in a minute.

• Examples are: here, there, upstairs, downstairs,

everywhere, nowhere, in, out, inside, away.
 Adverb of Time

• These adverbs answer the question ‘when’. Examples:

She died two years ago.

I wrote to him yesterday.

Have you seen him before?

• Examples are: tomorrow, today, yesterday, now,

then, never, soon, already, ago, formerly, lately etc.
 Form of Adverb

• Usually Ly

• Example: like luckily, happily, resultantly,

beautifully, etc
 MPT Formula

• Manner (M) Place(P) Time (T)

• Ali usually goes at 9 o clock in the park. Incorrect

• Ali usually goes in the park at 9 o clock. Correct

Manner Place Time
 Use of adverb in a Paragraph
• Without adverb: Little readability
The man got in the car. He drove his car to the old
house. He walked up to the door and knocked on
it. The door  opened.

• By using adverb
The man quickly got in the
car.  He peacefully drove his car to the old
house.  He happily walked up to the door
and swiftly knocked on it. The door opened
 immediately.
 Activity
See Booklet

• Teacher will ask the students to write a paragraph

on Internet, advantages and disadvantages and
then they use conjunctive adverbs given on the
next slide to connect their ideas effectively.

• Students will follow the previous slide how to use

adverb in a paragraph.
 Activity in the class
Underline Adverbs in the given sentences

1. Neil stopped suddenly and listened.

2. Nathan stamped his feet angrily.
3. I carefully glued the last piece onto the model.
4. Sam accidentally slipped on the ice.
5. Yesterday, they played a game.
6. The truck grumbled loudly.
7. We will go to the concert soon.
8. Jen waited patiently for the computer to load.
 Solution of the activity
1. Neil stopped suddenly and listened.
2. Nathan stamped his feet angrily.
3. I carefully glued the last piece onto the model.
4. Sam accidentally slipped on the ice.
5. Yesterday, they played a game.
6. The truck grumbled loudly.
7. We will go to the concert soon.
8. Jen waited patiently for the computer to load.
Preposition
 Preposition
• Prepositions are words what we use
before noun and pronoun to show their
relationship with other words in a
sentence.

• Example: I am sitting on a chair.

 Prepositions
In:
• Years: in 2006,
• Month: in march,
• Seasons: in the summer
• City: in Lahore,
• Capital: in Islamabad
• Country: in Pakistan
• Spaces: in the room, in the ground
 Continued

On:
Date: on 23rd Sept, 2016
Weeks: on Saturday,
Surface: on the table
At:
Time: at 6 o clock
Parallel: at the door
 Preposition of a place
• Eastwood page no 284. Here is a list of
preposition and teacher will discuss with the
students preposition with their functions
 What is an Interjection?
• An interjection is something that interrupts a
sentence.
• It is something that also expresses your
emotions like happiness, fear, anger, or pain.
• Some examples of interjections are:
Alas, hurrah, wow, uh oh, oh no, gosh, shhhh

Example: Alas, I failed in the exams.

 Conjunction
• A conjunction joins words, phrases, and
sentences.

Example: I worked hard and passed the

exams.
 Types of Conjunctions
• There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use
FANBOYS to remember

for and nor but

or yet so
Articles

A, an, the
 Objectives
Students will be able to learn:

• Appropriate use of articles ( a, an & the) in a

piece of writing
 Articles
• Articles modify nouns.
• English has two articles: the and a/an.

• The is used to refer to specific or particular nouns and is called

Definite Article.
• A/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns and
is called indefinite article.
• For example, if I say, "Let's read the book," I mean a specific
book.
• If I say, "Let's read a book," I mean any book rather than a
specific book.
 A and AN
• Both are used for singular

• An: it is used with vowel sounds not vowel

words.
Ex. An apple, an orange

• An: it is used with silent h like

Ex: an honest man, half an hour

• An/a: for profession

Ex: She is an engineer.
 Continued
A is used with the consonant letter:

Ex: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog

 Omission of a/an
We do not use a/an with following things.
• Plural things:
Ex: He is buying two books.
• Sports:
Ex: They play hockey.
• Meals:
Ex: I am taking my dinner.
• Nature
Ex: Nature is lying everywhere.
 The
• With particular thing: It is used both with singular and
plural noun when the noun is particular or specific.
Ex: The people of China.

• Directions: (East, west, south, north)

Ex: The sun sets in the west.

• Represent class, group, community

The rich does not like the poor.

• Superlative adjective
Ex: He is the wisest boy in the class.

• Books and newspapers

The Holy Quran, the Dawn, the News
 The
• Nations
Ex: The Muslims, the Hindus

• Period and events in history

Ex: the Middle ages
• Comparative adjective
Ex: The higher you go the cooler it is.

• Seas, rivers, ranges, mountains, gulfs

Ex. The Red Seas, the Ravi River, the
Korakuram
• Deserts, forests, peninsula
Ex: the Sahara desert, the black forst, the
Iberian peninsula
 The
• Museums and galleries
Ex: the Asian Civilization Museum

• Buildings
Ex: the University Cultural Centre

• Highways
Ex: The Motorway N-5
 Omission of the
With following rules, we do not use The.
• Abstract: milk, democracy

• Country: except three: the USA, the UK, the UAE

• Cities: Lahore, London, Shangai

• Weeks: Saturday, Sunday

• Months: July, March

 Omission of the
• Academic subjects: English, Islamiat, Physics

• Parks, lakes: Hyde Park

• Games: football, cricket

• Language and Nationalities: English and

American

• Generally discussed: Inflation is increasing day

by day.
 Omission of the
• With common things like: go to school, hospital,
 Activity in the class
Fill in the blank by using a, an & The
1. I want ____ apple from that basket.
2. ____ church on the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese.
4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of
pencilsand pens.
5. One of the students said, "____ professor is
late today."
6 Eli likes to play ____ volleyball.
7. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play ____ violin
at her school.
 Answer of the Activity
I want an apple from that basket.
2. The church on the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks Chinese. (no article needed)
4. I borrowed a pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "The professor is late today."
6. Eli likes to play volleyball. (no article needed)
7. I bought an umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play the violin at her school.
 Class Activity
Students will solve it on Activity Booklet
Most people have fewer hours to give to time-consuming
activities of clubs than they used to have, but most people in
small town belong to club or two. One of clubs is likely to be
social and benevolent organization, such as Rotary or Elks.
Business people are likely to belong, also to either Kiwanis
Club or Lions. Such business people's organizations may meet
as often as once a week in one of private dining rooms of
town's leading hotel for lunch. They have good lunch, hear
good program, and continue their fundraising program for
worthy organization, such as local hospital.
 Answer of the Activity
Most working people have fewer hours to give to time-consuming activities
of clubs than they used to have, but most people in a small town belong
to a club or two. One of the clubs is likely to be a social and benevolent
organization, such as the Rotary or Elks. Business people are likely to
belong, also to either the Kiwanis Club or the Lions. Such business
people's organizations may meet as often as once a week in one
of the private dining rooms of the town's leading hotel for lunch. They
have a good lunch, hear a good program, and continue their fundraising
program for a worthy organization, such as a local hospital.
 Vocabulary
1. Volatile adj Likely to change suddenly or easily
becoming dangerous
Syn. Unstable
 
A volatile situation where from which riots might develop.
 
2. Garner v. syn. Gather, acquire
 
All the information we garnered.
Pakistan has garnered wide support from its candidate.
Vocabulary Searching words at home

• Subvert,

• Dither

& Concede
THANK YOU