DERIVATIVES AND

INTEGRALS
Engr. Renato S. David, MSCE
DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS
 DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

Derivatives and Integrals or Differential equations are

physical characterization of an occurring phenomenon.

In other words, they are equations describing future

happenings or predicting results in certain changes that
we make in a process.
 DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

Numerical Methods are numerical or

arithmetic methods of solutions to these
differential equations…
…so that solution can be encoded to a
computer application such as in Microsoft
Excell.
 DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

Ordinary Differential Equations or ODE are

differential equations that depends on a single variable.

First order derivative

Second order derivative

Third order derivative

 DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS
Partial Differential Equations or PDE are
differential equations that depends on a several
variables.

Second order derivative

 DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS
Let us consider first order ODE (n=1) that contain
only first derivative y’ and may contain y and any given
function of x. This are expressed in the form

(a) F ( x, y, y’) = 0 implicit form

(b) y’ = F ( x, y) explicit form

 DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

(a) x -3 y’ -4y2 = 0 implicit form

(b) y’ = 4x3 y2 explicit form

CONCEPT OF SOLUTION
Concept of Solution
 Concept of Solution
Example:
Verify that y =c/x (c an arbitrary constant) is a
solution of the ODE xy’= -y for all x ≠ 0.

Differentiate y =c/x to y’= - c/x2 . Multiflying this by x,

obtain xy’= -y .
 PARTICULAR
SOLUTION

GENERAL
SOLUTION
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PROBLEMS
 NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE
PROBLEMS
Step 1. Setting up a mathematical model of
the physical process.

Initial Value
 NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE
PROBLEMS

Step 2. Mathematical Solution.

Checking results
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PROBLEMS
Step 3. Interpretation of Results.
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