JUDGMENT AND PROPOSITION

JUDGMENT
• Judgment is a mental act which affirms or denies something. It
produces a mental proposition or, if expressed, becomes an oral or
written proposition.
 

PROPOSITION
• Proposition is a sentence which affirms or denies something
 

LOGICAL STATEMENT
• A Logical Statement or a proposition is a sentence that assert of denies
something and could either be true or false.
 
Example:
This is a dog - (An affirmation (true)
This is not a dog - (a denial (but false)
PROPOSITION

PROPOSITION
• Proposition is a sentence which
affirms or denies something
A statement of facts is embodied in a DECLARATIVE SENTENCE. There are
three other types of sentences: INTERROGATIVE, IMPERATIVE and
EXCLAMATORY. Regardless of type, a sentence expresses a complete
thought.
 
DECLARATIVE SENTENCE - a statement of fact
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE - ask questions
IMPERATIVE SENTENCE - makes a request
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE - expresses a strong feelings
 
There must be a clear distinction between FORM and FUNCTION of a
proposition
 
FORM
-(Declarative, interrogative, imperative and
exclamatory)

FUNCTION
-(informative, expressive and directive)
A PROPOSITION is expressed by a DECLARTIVE SENTENCE for it denies or
asserts something.
 
 Not every DECLARATIVE sentence seeks to inform. Some are ceremonial
and expressive as with gratitude and expressive utterance.
 
Example:
-I enjoy your song recital very much
-I had a delightful weekend in your Baguio house
 
 Some grammatical constructions which look like interrogative,
imperative and exclamatory are in reality assertions or denial.
 
 Example:

1. How can we be expected to study in such a tense atmosphere?

 
(This is an interrogative sentence but the function to inform us
about an inconvenient place to study)
 
2. What a beautiful poem!
 
(It expressed an appreciation but it also informs us that the poem
is beautiful)
 
3. Come again
 
(it states a command but at the same time informs us that once
again (for parties to be) we are very much welcome.)
 
According to Aristotle:
A PROPOSITION (logical statement) is a sentence
that could either be true of false."
ACTIVITY NO 1: PROPOSITION vs. NOT A PROPOSITION

P 1. Peter is a man.
NP 2. Just do it.
NP 3. Where in the world is Carmen San
Diego?
P 4. Peter is not a man.
P 5. There were three thousand purple
ducks found on Mars.
P 6. Barney (the purple dinosaur) is a man.
NP 7. Oh wow.
NP 8. Hello!
P 9. All dogs go to heaven. 
P 10. No purple dinosaurs go to heaven.