SPECIAL CLASS

THE ANCIENT EGYPT

 What
was the
Ancient
Egypt?
“ The Ancient Egypt was one of the
greatest and most powerful
civilizations in the history of the
world. It lasted for over 3,000
years from 3150 BC to 30 BC.
SOME COOL
FACTS
To keep flies and other insects
away, some pharaohs kept slaves
nearby that were covered in
honey.
Both men and women wore make
up.
It was usually green (made
of copper) or black (made
from lead).
They believed that the make up had
healing powers
Children didn't wear
clothes until they were
teenagers.
Pharaohs never showed their
hair, and they always wore a
“hat” called Nemes.
Rich Egyptians usually wore wigs
Poor Egyptians usually wore ponytails or
just had their hair long
The world's oldest dress was
found in Egypt and is
estimated to be 5,000 years
old.
A decorative
dress inspired
by the ancient
Egyptian style
Facts about mummification

During mummification, the

brain was removed through
the nostrils.
The other organs were
also removed and put in
a pot called CANOPIC
JAR. Then, those jars
were put in the tomb for
burial with the mummies
The only organ left in the body was
the HEART because it was believed
to contain the soul.
But not everyone was mummified

Mummification was an expensive and time-

consuming process, reserved for the richest
members of society. Most Egypt’s dead
were buried in simple pits in the desert.
The mummies
were put inside
sarcophagus
and then,
placed in
tombs.
Many ancient
tombs were
found to
contain
toilets.
Animals were mummified too

The Egyptians believed that a person’s

health was related to how they treated the
animals. And some animals were
considered gods, like cats, for example.
A look inside some of the most
famous tombs. These tombs
were found after many days,
weeks, months and years of
excavation.
 Even though they
considered the
Egyptian pharaoh as a kind of
workers were living god, Egyptian
known to
workers weren’t afraid
organize labor
strikes. to protest for better
working conditions.
Their salary was not paid with
money, but with grains
 The Pyramids were not built by slaves
The life of a pyramid builder
certainly wasn’t easy—skeletons
of workers show signs of many
health problems, but evidence
suggests that the massive tombs
were built not by slaves but by
paid laborers. These ancient
construction workers were a mix
of artisans and temporary hands.
Inside the Great Pyramid at Giza
A man standing
next to The
Great Pyramid
Cleopatra, the last pharaoh
of Egypt, was from Greece.
Ancient Egyptians loved board
games.
And there was one called ‘the board
game of death’. It was used to
communicate with the dead about
3,500 years ago. It’s believed that
two players could play it.
It’s possible to buy a new version of
this game. Now, it’s called SENET.
Egyptian pharaohs were often overweight

Egyptian art usually shows

pharaohs as being strong
and fit, but that was
probably not the case.
Because they drank lots of
beer and ate lots of sugar.
 Egyptian writing

Egyptian writing is known

as hieroglyphics ('sacred
carvings'). According to some
researchers, the concept of the
written word was first invented
in Mesopotamia and came
to Egypt through trade. 
The Egyptian papyrus
was made from a
plant which could be
found in the region
near the Nile River.
Also, the Egyptians
carved their
hieroglyphics on stones.
The Nile River
 Some facts about the Nile River

I. It’s the longest river in

the world. It’s got
almost 7,000 km;
II. It passes through ten
different countries, like
Tanzania, Ethiopia and
Kenya;
III. It’s cultivated area is in
Egypt.
Egyptians believed that the
Earth was flat, circular, and
that the Nile river flowed
right through the middle.
“Flat Earth”
The Great Sphinx of Giza
 What is it?
The Great Sphinx is among the world’s largest
sculptures, measuring 73 meters long and 20
meters high.
It’s got a lion’s body and a human head adorned
with a royal style. The statue was carved from a
single piece of stone, and pigment residue suggests
that the Great Sphinx was painted with the red
color.
 Some curiosities
According to some estimates, it would have taken about three
years for 100 workers, using stone hammers to finish the statue;
The Great Sphinx has greatly deteriorated over the years, and
since ancient times—possibly beginning in the reign
of Thutmose IV (1400–1390 BCE)—various efforts have been
done to preserve the statue.
The body has suffered the most erosion, the face has also been
damaged, and its nose is notably missing. According to some,
the damage was caused by Napoleon’s troops, who shot off the
nose with a cannon. 
 Questions
✘ What’s the name of the Egyptian writing?

✘ Where did the Egyptians write?

✘ What’s the name of the place where the Egyptians put their mummies?

✘ Why were some animals mummified?

✘ What is the name of the jar where they put the organs?

✘ Which organ wasn’t removed and put inside a jar? Why?

✘ In your opinion, what’s the most interesting fact?

Thanks!