HAZARD

ANALYSIS
BY: SIR JAPHET G. BAGSIT
 Analysing their
potential causes

Process of
First step
recognizing Hazard in a process
hazards that may
arise from a system or Analysis used to
its environment
assess risk

Result of a hazard
analysis is the
identification of
different type of
hazards
 Technique that focuses
on job tasks
as a way to identify
hazards before they
occur

Job
Focuses on the
Identify
relationship hazards
between the worker,
the task, the tools, Hazard potentially created by
a product, process or
Analysis
and the work
application
environment

Technique to identify the

dangers of specific tasks in order to reduce
the risk of injury to workers.
 Determine risks
Identify causes To analyse the risk
associated with the
Identify hazardous events
hazards Analyse the event
sequences leading to
the hazardous
Determine the events identified
hazards and
hazardous events of
the equipment under
control and the
control system

Hazard
Analysis
Objectives
WHY HAZARD ANALYSIS
IMPORTANT?
IMPORTANCE investigate Increase
/ BENEFIT accidents quality

To train
workers Policies and
how to do procedure Decrease
their jobs improved injury rate.
safely
HAZARD ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

• Examine the job and determine the components

• Identify tasks likely to present hazards
• Identify and assess hazards
• Determine and devise controls measures
• Develop safe work procedures if hazards cannot be
eliminated
HOW TO IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE
HAZARD?
IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS

Identify the hazards of each step. For each hazard, ask:

• What can go wrong?
• What are the consequences?
• How could it arise?
• What are other contributing factors?
• How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
HAZARD ANALYSIS METHODS

• Hazard may be realized or unrealized

• Realized hazard – has happened in the past and can
therefore be identified from experience.
• Unrealized hazard – is a potential for a hazardous situation
that has not happened yet but can be recognized by
analyzing the characteristic of an environment or failure
modes of equipment item.
HAZARD ANALYSIS METHODS

1. Process Hazard Analysis

2. Event Tree Analysis
3. Failure Modes And Effect Analysis
4. Fault Tree Analysis
5. Cause-consequence Diagram
6. Hazard And Operability Studies
1. PROCESS HAZARD ANALYSIS
PHA
• A systematic method designed to identify and analyze hazards
associated with the processing or handling of highly hazardous
material
• PHA analyzes
• The potential causes and consequences of fires, explosions and
releases of toxic chemicals
• the equipment, instrumentation, human actions and other factors
which might affect the process.
 THE MOST
HAZARDOUS
PROCESSES ARE
FIRST
-Most hazardous
processes
must evaluated
first
-All PHA must
completed as soon as
possible
- PHA must be updated
at least every five years
2. EVENT TREE ANALYSIS (ETA)
• ETA defines the consequential events which
flow from the primary ‘initiating’ event.
• Event trees are used to investigate the
consequences of loss-making events in
order to find ways of mitigating rather than
preventing losses.
3. FAILURE MODES AND EFFECT
ANALYSIS (FMEA)
• To identify which failures in a system can lead to
undesirable situation.
• Particularly suited to electrical and mechanical processes.
• Result are strongly dependent on
• analyst’s understanding of the failure modes
• Effects of failure modes can be quantified
4. FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA)
• To evaluate the economic justification for
carrying out improvement to a system
• FTA works back from the undesired or “top
event” to the contributing causes(backward
reasoning logic techniques)
• To identify the causes of top event
EXAMPLE OF FTA
5. CAUSE-CONSEQUENCE
ANALYSIS (CCA)
• Is proving to be a very useful tool to depict and maintain
an up-to date, real- time working risk management system
enthralled in daily operations (e.g. operational).
• These diagrams combine the inductive and deductive
reasoning of logical diagrams (e.g. ETA, FTA) to identify the
basic causes and consequences of potential accidents.
6. HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY
(HAZOP)
• A structured and systematic method that identifies
equipment that is being used in a way that it was not
designed to be, and which might create hazards and
operational problems.
• HAZOPs are usually conducted by multi- skilled team that
studies piping and instrument diagrams.
• Each pipeline and vessel is evaluated for certain limitations
and deviations in flow, temperature, pressure, etc.
BE WISE, BE SAFE !