Introduction to

Information Systems

MISBUSI Course Notes

What is the difference
between data and
information?
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What is Data?

 Individual or separate pieces of raw facts,

concepts, and ideas derived through different
modes of inquiry

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What is Information?

 Processed data that is organized, has use,

provides meaning, and is important in
accomplishing a certain task
 Data that have a particular meaning within a
specific context

MISBUSI Course Notes

 September 1, 2008
DATA 5 sunglasses were sold

September 4, 2008
10 jackets were sold

September 7, 2008
2 sunglasses were sold

September 7, 2008
18 jackets were sold

September 12, 2008

15 jackets were sold
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Information

From September 1 to 12 of 2008, the

company was able to sell 7 sunglasses
and 33 jackets.

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Qualities of Valuable Information

 Accurate
 Information is error free
 Verifiable
 Information can be proven as correct or
incorrect
 Timely
 Information is up-to-date
 Organized
 Information is arranged to suit our needs and
requirements
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Qualities of Valuable Information

 Accessible
 Information is available whenever it is needed
 Useful
 Information is relevant and has meaning
 Cost-Effective
 Information should give more value than it costs
to produce

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 What is the
difference between
information and
knowledge?
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What is Knowledge?

 A concrete expression of thought derived

from relating, understanding, and analyzing
several pieces of valuable information
 A combination of instincts, ideas, rules, and
procedures that guide actions and decisions

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Knowledge

During the rainy season, more people

buy jackets than sunglasses.

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Relationship between data,
information, and knowledge

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What is Knowledge?

 A concrete expression of thought derived

from relating, understanding, and analyzing
several pieces of valuable information

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What is a Database?

 A persistent, organized, structured, and

shared storage of collected interrelated data
that has purpose
 Serves the need to generate meaningful
information

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What is a Database?

 It records only data that has purpose

 It establishes relationships and
connections between its data to make them
more meaningful
 It is well organized and structured in order
to make stored data easily shared and
retrievable

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Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective

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Historical Perspective

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Electronic Age

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Electronic Age

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Electronic Age

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The Need for Databases

 Man has always had the desire to record everything

around him
 The more things we record, the more we need space for
storage
 These records are desired to be shared and re-
used
 The more we are involved in activities that needs
information, the more we need the storage space to be
accessible to and faster retrieved by several people

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Data and Information Recording
Trivia

 1790 : the US decided to record census data (3.9

million people)
 1880 : it took the US 7 years to tabulate the
recorded data
 1890 : the population increased by 12 million
 1890 : the US decided to use tabulating machines
using computer (punch cards), tabulation took only
2-3 months

MISBUSI Course Notes

Issues in Electronic File Processing

 Separation and isolation of data

 Duplication of data
 Data dependence
 Incompatible file formats
 Fixed queries/Proliferation of application
programs

MISBUSI Course Notes

What is an Information System?

 An application that allows people to maximize the

tons of recorded data
 Records data that has purpose
 Stores data in an organized storage
 Retrieves data
 Processes data using previously saved (and related) data
to generate meaningful information
 Presents this meaningful information

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Example of an Information System

People
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Example of an Information System

Information
Processing
Theory MISBUSI Course Notes
 input

unselected data
Sensory
Forgotten
Memory

attention

transfer
outpu
rehearsal

Short- Long-
t
Term Term
Memory recall
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Memory
Information System Components

HARDWAR SOFTWARE DATA

E

PEOPLE PROCEDUR
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ES