NERVOUS AND

ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
Presented by:
Helen Rose T. Oraa
Teacher 1

General Biology 2
Nervous System
 is like your body’s cell phone and email
service. It gathers and relays information
about your surroundings to your brain.
 Responds to external stimuli (changes in the

environment that trigger a response).

 The BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, NERVES, and

SENSORY ORGANS such as your eyes, ears,

nose, tongue, and skin are all part of the
nervous system.
Divisions
The nervous system is divided into two main
systems:
1. The CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
includes your brain and spinal cord. They are
called the central system because the brain is
the control center for your body, and the
spinal cord relays messages between your
brain and your body.
2. The PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) includes all of
the nerves outside the central nervous system. The word
“peripheral” means away from the center, and the
peripheral nervous system is outside the brain and spinal
cord.

The peripheral nervous system has two types of neurons:

SENSORY NEURONS and MOTOR NEURONS. Sensory
neurons relay information from your senses (like the
temperature outside or the feeling of pain) to the brain.
Motor neurons relay information from the brain to your
muscles, telling your body to move-in other words, to
motor.
 Your peripheral nervous system in turn is
divided into:
◦ The SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, which controls
voluntary (controllable) movements such as
running, walking, and chewing.
◦ The AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, which controls
involuntary movement, or movements your body
does automatically, such a breathing and digesting
food. Your autonomic nervous system also controls
reflexes.
The Brain
 The brain is the control center of your
nervous system. The three major parts of the
brain are the CEREBRUM, the BRAIN STEM,
and the CEREBELLUM.
1. The CEREBRUM controls your thoughts and actions. It
controls your perceptions of taste, sight, touch, sound,
and smell. Basically, any time you use your brain
consciously, you are using your cerebrum. The cerebrum
can be divided into the left and right hemisphere.
Right-brained people use the right hemisphere of the
cerebrum more, so they are often said to be more artistic,
creative, and imaginative. Left-brained people use their
left hemisphere more, so they are often said to be more
logical, mathematical, and language-oriented. The left
and right hemispheres are joined through a thick band of
fibers called the CORPUS CALLOSUM.
2. The BRAIN STEM controls involuntary vital
processes, such as breathing, digestion, and
the pumping of your heart. The brain stem
connects directly to the spinal cord.
3. The CEREBELLUM is at the bottom back of
your brain, and it helps with coordination,
balance, and motor control.
Nerves
 Are the basic functioning unit of the nervous
system.
 A nerve cell is called a NEURON, and it transmits

messages called impulses. There are two main

types of neurons: SENSORY NEURONS receive
information such as the sensation of touch or a
smell, and they transmit the information to the
brain or spinal cord; INTERNEURONS relay the
brain’s response to motor neurons, which relay
orders to your glands and muscles to take
action.
 A neuron is made of a cell body, an axon, and
dendrites:
◦ DENRITES, which look sort of like tiny brances,
receive an impulse, or a signal, from another
neuron, and they transmit the impulse to the cell
body.
◦ The AXON, which looks like a much longer branch,
transmits the signal fro the cell body down toward
the next neuron, passing the message along. The
space between neurons is called a SYNAPSE.
 When the message from the axon reaches the
synapse, the axon releases a
NEUROTRANSMITTER, or a chemical that
transmits the signal to the next neuron.
Dendrites receive the signal and send an
impulse to the cell body, and the process
begins over again. (All of this happens in an
instant of time.)
Sense Organs
 Senses allow us to interact with the world.
Thanks to our senses we can see, smell,
taste, and touch everything which surrounds
us. 
Endocrine System
 The body’s other messaging system, but instead of
sending electrical signals through a highway system of
nerves, it sends chemical messages to your body
through your bloodstream.
 The chemical messengers your endocrine system uses

are called HORMONES, which are produced in

ENDOCRINE CLANDS.
 Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the

bloodstream, which carries hormones to different parts

of the body. Those hormones help your body perform
all sorts of jobs, from knowing when to sleep, to
controlling the amount of sugar in your blood, to
reproducing.
Source:
 www.visiblebody.com
 www.carolina.com
 www.google.com - Images