PUBLIC SPEAKING

WEEK 4 class 1
2020-2
USIL BILINGUAL PROGRAMS

PUBLIC SPEAKING
Week 4 class 2
Prior Knowledge: What do you need to do
in the following steps?
Brainstorming methods:
Personal inventory
Cluster
Internet Search
Reference Browse

General Purpose:

To inform
To Persuade
To Actuate

Specific Purpose
At the end of the speech the
audience will be able to …. (list,
identify, recognize, contrast,
compare, determine, etc.)
TIPS TO FORMULATE THE SPECIFIC PURPOSE
STATEMENT
 DONT’S!!!
• Formulate your purpose as a QUESTION.
• Don’t use FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE (giving a word
or phrase a specific meaning that may be different
than the literal definition)
• Formulate your purpose as a FRAGMENT
• Express more than ONE DISTINCT IDEA.
 Task : Formulate the general
and specific purpose
Example
•Topic: Public Transportation
•General Purpose: To inform
•Specific purpose statement: At the end of the
speech, the audience will be able to list 5 reasons
why public transportation has deteriorated in
Lima.
Read the topic, formulate the general
purpose, and the specific purpose statement
 At the end of the speech the audience will be able
to…
TIPS:
Use a verb that names an observable, measurable action

The goal of the speech focuses on the audience and their behavior

Use words that refer to observable measurable behavior

Limit the specific purpose to a single idea

Be sure your specific purpose reflects the interests, expectations and

knowledge level of your audience
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

OBy the end of this session, you will be

able to :
-Formulate the central idea.
-Develop a blueprint for a speech by combining the
central idea and a preview of the main ideas
-Identify the variety of sources available
-Explain the criteria for evaluating web sites.
GROUP WORK: Discuss the
following statement and add your
own ideas.
“We think that the characteristics of the central
idea in a speech might be …….”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
 Central Idea

The Heimlich Maneuver requires three steps:

Recognition, position and action
Guidelines for The Central Idea

The Central idea should… Examples of ineffective

Central Ideas
…be expressed in a full sentence The Heimlich Maneuver.

…not be in the form of a question What is the Heimlich Maneuver?

The Heimlich Maneuver is a cool

…avoid figurative language
first aid procedure.

The Heimlich Maneuver is a first

… not be vague or overly general
aid procedure.
TASKS TO DO: read these central ideas and revise
them

Why are they ineffective? How can you improve the CI?
1. Paying college athletes a
monthly salary is a good idea.
2. Problems of stomach surgery to
lose weight.

3. What are nanorobots?

4. Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula is an

awesome place for a vacation.
Writing the Central Idea
Task : Below are sets of main points (supporting
or developing ideas)for speeches: Provide the…

• General Purpose:
• Specific purpose statement:
• Central idea:
• Main Points: Given
 Main Points (1)
SPECIFIC PURPOSE:

CENTRAL IDEA:

I. You should study abroad because it will enhance

your personal development

II. You should study abroad because it will enhance

your academic development

III. You should study abroad because it will enhance

your career development.
 Main Points (2)
SPECIFIC PURPOSE:

CENTRAL IDEA

I. The first step in getting a tatoo is shaving and

sterilizing the skin.

II. The second step in getting a tatoo is outlining the

design.

III. The third step in getting a tatoo is applying

pigments to the design.
 Main Points (3)
SPECIFIC PURPOSE:

CENTRAL IDEA

I. As a writer, Thomas Jefferson penned the

Declaration of Independence.

II. As President, Thomas Jefferson negotiated the

Louisiana Purchase.

III. As an architect, Thomas Jefferson designed the

University of Virginia.
 Checklist Central Idea
 
 YES  NO
   
 1. Is the central idea written as a complete sentence?
   
 2. Is the central idea phrased as a statement rather than a
question?
   
 3. Is the central idea free of figurative language?
   
 4. Does the central idea clearly encapsulate the main points to be
discussed in the body of the speech?
   
 5. Can the central idea be adequately discusssed in the time
alloted for the speech?
   
 6. Is the central idea relevant to the audience?
   
7. Is the central idea appropriate for a nontechnical audience?
 Task
Group work: Writing the central idea… 
Topics:
•Inti Raymi –
•Water crisis –
•Export agro products –
•Open a savings account –
•Get a Driver’s license
Pair work

Below is a list of nine topics.

Choose 2 and determine:
a.general purpose
b.specific purpose statement
c.central idea
d.main points ( 3)
 Topics

• Abortion • Rock music

• Global warming • Cloning

• Crime • Peruvian cuisine

• Immigration • The flu shots

• Compulsory voting • Plastic surgery

 AN EXAMPLE OF
PREPARATION OUTLINE
Topic: Good times, bad times
General Purpose : To inform
Specific Purpose Statement: At the end of the
speech the audience will be able to recognize two
aspects in history that happened around the time I
was born.
Central Idea : The most relevant aspects in history
that were happening around the time I was born
were the fight for civil rights for African Americans,
and the Hippie Movement against the Vietnam War.
GATHER SUPPORTING
MATERIAL
 GATHERING MATERIALS
• PAIR WORK:

• Make a list of as many sources of information

you can.
• Which are the most common?
• How do you know these sources are reliable?
• Share with the class
Why is Supporting Material
Important?
 There are various potential sources of
supporting material.
 World Wide Web has resources.
 Carefully judge the quality of Web sites.
 Libraries offer resources.
 Effective interviews can provide useful
supporting material.
 Be sure to properly document resources.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009

 Where can you find
Supporting Material ?
• Skills.
• Encyclopedias. • Hobbies.
• Dictionaries. • Personal experience.
• Directories.
• Atlases.
• Almanacs & Yearbooks.
• Books of Quotations.
• Bibliographic Dictionaries.

• Directories (e.g., Google).

• Books.
• Periodicals.
• Full-text databases.
• Newspapers.
• Reference resources.
• Government documents.
• Special services.
• Search engines: (e.g., Yahoo!).
• Vertical search engines: (e.g.,
Google Scholar).
• Boolean search: includes
“AND” or “+.”
Evaluating Web Resources
Is information about authorities
disclosed ?

Is information truthful? Correct?

Exact?

Does site represent special

interests?

Is site current?

Does site have easy access?

Match the types of supporting material
with a definition, and think of examples
Types of supporting material