FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPOBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

CENTRAL STATISTICAL AGENCY

 

GENDER STATISTICS HANDBOOK

Kaleab Pawlos (MA)
 1. General demographic characteristics

Figure 1. Percentage distribution of Population by Sex & Year

100

90

80

70
p 60
e 50.5 Male
r 50.3 49.7 50.3 49.7 49.5
50 Female
c
e
n 40
t
30

20

10
0
0
1984 1994 2007

Source: - Population and Housing census Statistical Report 1984, 1994 & 2007
According to the three Ethiopian census periods ( 1984,1994 and 2007) the percentage of male and
female population are almost similar ( 1984,1994 and2007).
 Figure 2. Head of Conventional Households by sex & years

77.6 77.8 76.5

80

70

60

P 50
e Male
r Female
c 40
e
n
t 30 23.5
22.4 22.2

20

10

0
1984 1994 2007

Source: - Population and Housing census Statistical Report 1984, 1994 & 2007
Figure 2 shows that the percentage heads of conventional household males ‘ were grater than females
in the three census periods( 1984,1994 and2007).
 Figure 3. Dependency Ratio and AgePopulation Index in Census periods

100
92.5
90.2 89.9
90 84.5 83.8
80.5
80

70

60 Young Male

50 Young Female

Old Male
40
Old Female
30

20 13.4 11.7
7.2 5.3 6.9 5.3
10

0
1984 1994 2007

Source: Analytical Report of Censuses in respect of population aged 10 years and above
Figure 3 indicates that young and old males are more dependent than young and old females
2. Education

100 Figure 4. prcentage distrubation of 5years old and over by school attendance status and year
90 82.86
80 72.33 72.07
67.54
p 70
e 62.13
r 60 54.91
c
e
n 50
t
a 40
g
e 30 26.21
21.78 22.21 22.88
18.45
20 16.11 14.01
11.82 11.43
7.74 8.91
10 5.72

0
1984 1994 2007

Currently AttendingMale Currently Attending Female Attending in the PastMale

Attending in the past Female Never Attend Male Column2

Source: - Population and housing Census Statistical Report 1984, 1994 & 2007
In the previous two censuses the numbers of never school attended females were higher than males.
140 Figure 5. Gross Enrollment Ratio by Sex

123.2
120 117.39

100 94.52
91.38

80.4
80
Primary School (1-8)1984
62
Primary School (1-8) 1994
60
48.4 46.81 General Secondary School (Old
Curriculum 9-12)1984

40 37.86 General Secondary School (Old

Curriculum 9-12)1994

18.37 19.12
20
9.97
6.1
1.7 1.72
0
Urban Male Urban Female Rural Male Rural Female

Source: - Population and housing Census Statistical Report 1984 and 1994
In the previous two census periods the gross enrollment ratio of male students in
rural area is higher than females in the secondary and primary schools.
 Figure 6. Net Enrollment Ratio by sex
60 57.14
54.38
51.46
49.62
50

R
a
40 37.86
t 35
i
o 28.8
30 26.1 25.33

19.12 Male Urban

20 FemaleUrban
Male Rural
Female Rural
10 5.78
4.07
2.1 0.9 1.04 0.71
0

Source: - Population and housing Census Statistical Report 1984 and 1994
The net enrollment ratios of males were grater than females in urban area of Ethiopia.
3. Health

Figure 7. HIV Prevalence

6
5.2

5
4.2

4
Ethiopia
P
e
r 2.9 Urban
c 3
e Rural
n
t 1.9
2
1.5

1
0.8
1 0.6
0.5

0
Women15-49 Men 15-49 Total 15-49

Source: - EDHS 2011

The HIV Prevalence of women was greater than men (1.9 Vs 1).
 Figure 8 Percentage ditribution of Disabled Population by Litracy Status, Sex

90 83.07
80.07 80.4
80
70.09 70.09
70 65.4

60
P 1984
e 50
r 1994
c 2007
e 40 34.6 34.6
n
t 28.81
30
19.6 19.6
16.87
20

10

0
Litrate Male Litrate Female Illitrate Male Illitrate Female

Source: - Population and housing Census Statistical Report 1984, 1994 & 2007

In the last three censuses the majority of illiterate females are highly disabled than the males.
4. Economic Participation

Figure 9 Economic Participation Rate by Sex

90 82.12
79.2
75.1
80

62.86 63.4
70
55.5
60
Male
R 50
a Female
t
e 40

30

20

10

0
1984 1994 2007

Source: - Population and housing Census Statistical Report 1984, 1994 & 2007
There is a huge difference in the economic participation of males and females In the last three census
periods. (1984, 1994 and 2007).
 Figure 10 Economic Activity Rate of Urban Population by Sex

67.2 67.9
70 66.1 65.7
61.2 60.3
58.6 59.7 59.4
60 55.2
53.1 53.7 53.5
52.2
49.9
50

P Total
e 40
r Male
c Female
e
n 30
t

20

10

0
2004 2006 2009 2010 2011

Source: - Analytical Report on urban Employment Unemployment survey 2011

The economic activity rate of urban male population was grater than females in 2004,2006,2009,2010 and
2011.
 Figure 11 Employment to population Ratio by Sex

67.2 67.9
70 66.1 65.7
61.2

60
53.1 53.7 53.5
52.2
49.9
50

P
e 40 Male
r Female
c
e
n 30
t

20

10

0
2004 2006 2009 2010 2011

Source: Analytical Report on urban Employment Unemployment survey 2011

Overall in Ethiopia the male population employment was higher than the female once.
 Figure 12 Unempolyment Rate by Literacy Status

45
41.5

40 37.1

35
31.6
29.6
30 28.2
27.3
25.3 Iilitrate Male
P
e 25 23.3 Iilitrate Female
22.2
r 20.1 Litrate Male
c 18.4 19.2
e 20 Litrate Female
16.6
n
t
15 12.4 1313.2 12.7
11.2 11.5 11.9
9.2
10 7.7 7.6
5.9
5

0
2003 2004 2006 2009 2010 2011

Source: - Analytical Report on urban Employment Unemployment survey 2011

The illiterate and literate females who are unemployed were higher in number than the
males in Ethiopia.
5. Gender wealth gap

Figure 13 Percentage of holders by sex & Type of Holding

88.5 89.21 88.03
90

75.2 76.56 76.33

80

70

60 2001 male
P 2001Female
e 50 2002Male
r 2002Female
c 2003Male
e 40
n 2003Female
t
30

20 15.9 15.34 15.35

8.4 8.42 8.96 8.8 8.1 8.31
10 3.1 3.01
2.37

0
Crop only Live stock Crop and livestock

Source:- Central Statistical Agency Statistical Abstract 2011/12 Excluding Nomadic Areas
Males who acquired crop and livestock assets in the last three agricultural surveys where slightly higher
than females.
6. Crime

Figure 14 Number of Crimes and Persons Recorded as Offenders by Sex and Years

1,000 Persons 350

314.3

300 277.9

250

Male
200 176.1 Female
148.2 Total
150

100 75.4 82.6

36.5
50 27.9
7.2

0
2000 2001 2003

• Source: - Statistical Abstract 2011/12 Central Statistical Agency

• The people who are recorded in crime in Ethiopia is very high in the male once than females.
7. Decision Making
395
400 15. Empowerment
350
300
250
200 152
150 111 Men
100 65 Women
46 50
2210 35 23 28
50 6 6 2 0 2 1 4 4 6 10 1 5 2
0
t ee rs r s s s s s y rs s
en itt ste iste ner n er ner d or or iar to ctor
m i in io io io sa d c c
lia m in iss iss iss as sa di ir e re
Pa
r
com f m tem m m m b bas Ju D y Di
in ng o ta m m m la
m m al pu
t
ts di ank ofs l co Co Co a ala ner e
a n ra y n D
Se St
a er an
k
pu
t tr rn Ge
th r ene e x te In te
th e G D E
wi th
& i th
s w
et
n isr r s&
i e
M ist
in
eM
t at
S

• Source;- Ministry of women Children and youth affairs

• The involvement and position of females in decision making are still very low in comparison of males
especially, on the ministerial level.
 The percetage of Federal government employees the amount salary by
sex 2012
Male Female
76

68
62.1 61.1 62.8

51.3
48.7

36.8 38.5 37.2

32.5

24

420-750 751-1000 1001-2000 2001-3000 3000 and above Total

The Federal government employees those are getting a salary more than three thousand birr per month
the number of male and female are 76%and 24% respectively.
 The percentage of Federal government employees by sex in 2012
70
63.5
62.1
60 58.2

50

p 41.8
e
r 40 37.9 Male
c 36.5
Female
e
n
t 30
a
g
e
20

10

0
Permanent Temporary Total

The proportion of male employees is 62.1% while the proportion of female employees is 37.9%.The
number of female is less than the number of male by 24%.
 The percentage of Federal government employees marital status by sex 2012

100

90

80

70 64.8
62.2 63.8
60 male
Female
50

40 37.8 36.2
35.2
30

20

10

0
Single Married Total

The marital status of Federal government employees 62.2% and 37.8% single employees are male and
female respectively. The proportion of married employees 64.8% is male and 35.2% is female.