BIOMECHANICS OF

THE SHOULDER
COMPLEX
 Acromioclavicularis Sternoclavicularis

Clavicula Sternum

Scapula

Glenohumeralis

Humerus
Scapulothoracalis
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
 1/3 -
1/4

Diameter: 37- 55 mm Diameter:  41 mm

 25 mm
Angle of
inclination

Angle of torsion 30°

 Glenoid cavity

Synovial sheath

When the arm is at rest at the side, the

large capsule is taut superiorly and lax
inferiorly
Greater tuberosity
SAGITTAL PLANE
SCAPULLAR PLANE

30 - 45 degrees

FRONTAL PLANE
: The labrum broadens and makes deeper the glenoid socket (top
image). The labrum also acts as an anchoring point for the ligaments of
the shoulder (lower image).
The normal main ligament of the shoulder (inferior glenohumeral ligament) supports the
humeral head like a hammock supports a person (top image). With arm rotation, the
ligament (hammock) moves forward and backward to keep the ball in the socket during
this rotation (lower image).
 Arm elevation

Flexion

Abduction

Flexion and
abduction

Extension
 Horizontal plane

15-30°
90°

120-135° 30-45°
Flexion and extension in horizontal plane

45 extension

135

flexion
Flexion-extension
 Sagittal plane

Extension Flexion

100-120 degrees
30 degrees
Abduction - adduction
Távolítás

90-110°
60°

Befelé fordítás Neutrális és

lapocka sík
Gördülés
Távolítás

Gördülés

Passzív
Távolítás
 Abduction Frontal plane
20o acromioclavicularis
40o sternoclavicularis

120o glenohumeral

75o
90 - 120o 135o
90o active
120o passive
 ABDUCTION
TÁVOLÍTÁS

ROLLING SLIDING

active passive
 Rotáció

50° 120 °
 Kifelé Befelé

70° 50°

30° 20°
 External and internal rotation

Throwing arm Contralateral

Kifelé Befelé Kifelé Befelé

120 120

100 100

80 80
Fok

Fok
60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Herrington 1988
SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT
 Tipping of the scapula
Elevation

Depression
Közelítés -távolítás
Winging of the scapula
Downward rotation Upward rotation
Centre of rotation of scapula during
abduction

120-150°

60-90°

90-120°

30-60°
0-30°
MOVEMENT IN STERNOCLAVICULAR
AND ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINTS
CENTRE OF ROTATION

30°
30°
MOVEMENT IN SCAPOLOTHRACIC
AND GLENOHUMERALIS JOINTS
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT 60°
Scapular rotation:
protraction-retraction

30°
Scapular rotation
around transverse axis
30°
Scapular rotation in
sagittal plane:
elevation-depression
 60°
Scapula forgás előre - hátra

30°
Scapula forgás a transverzális
tengely körül

Scapula forgás oldal síkban:

emelkedés - süllyedés 30°
STERNOCLAVICULARIS IZÜLET
 Movement in sternoclavicularis joint

15 °
Anterior – psoterior
movement

45 / 15 °
Elevation and
depression

30 - 45 °
Rotation about the
longitudinal axis
 Az egyes izmok bekapcsolódása a
munkavégzésbe

2005. 04. 13.

Az egyes izmok bekapcsolódása a
munkavégzésbe
 0.03 m

0.05 Bw

0.3 m

0.075 Bw
Fc = Fp sin
0.6 m
Winging of the scapula
Tipping of the scapula

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