Class

5
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What are we going to learn?

PART ONE
• Review future tenses - Jeopardy
• Gerunds
• Excercise: Gerunds as Subjects
• Verbs followed by gerund
• Exercises:Verbs followed by
gerund
• Gerunds after prepositions
 Hello
3

Are you ready to start?

1. GERUNDS
Studying English is fun, isn’t it!
 5

What’s a gerund?
• It is the name of an action or activity
• It is a noun – actually it is a verbal noun because it comes
from a verb
• It is NOT a verb.

• Swimming is a great way to stay healthy

• We enjoy walking in the Woods near our home
• I am afraid of flying on planes

In the sentence: Yannick is playing tennis with his brother,

playing is not a gerund, it is a verb, a verb in present
 6

How do we use gerunds?

As Subjects As Objects After Prepositions

Smoking is bad Tony enjoys Are you tired of

playing soccer on being at home all
Teaching English weekends day?
has been my job for
30 years Daniel hates I am worried about
working! taking the test
Practicing karate tomorrow
made me feel good My students keep
working very hard She’s good at
 7

GERUNDS AS
• SUBJECTS
____________________
ROCK CLIMBING
could be dangerous.
• ___________________
JOGGING
is a great way of exercising.
• _____________________
READING COMICS
has been my hobby for several
years.
WASHING DISHES
• _____________________ doesn’t make me happy.
PLAYING ONLINE GAMES
• _____________________
TRAVELLING TO FINLAND
became popular in this country.
• ___________________ will be my next plan.
DRINKING TOO MUCH ALCOHOL
• ________________________
CORRECTING EXAMS
can kill people.
• ____________________ isn’t my idea of a great weekend.
 8

GERUNDS AFTER SOME VERBS

Here are some of the most common verbs that are usually followed
by the gerund.

• enjoy: I enjoyed living in France.

• fancy: I fancy seeing a film tonight.
• discuss: We discussed going on holiday together.
• dislike: I dislike waiting for buses.
• finish: We've finished preparing for the meeting.
• mind: I don't mind coming early.
• suggest: He suggested staying at the Grand Hotel.
• recommend: They recommended meeting earlier.
• keep: He kept working, although he felt ill.
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GERUNDS AFTER SOME VERBS

Here are some of the most common verbs that are usually followed
by the gerund.

miss: She misses living near the beach.

appreciate: I appreciated her helping me.
delay: He delayed doing his taxes.
postpone: He postponed returning to Paris
practise: She practised singing the song.
consider: She considered moving to New York.
can't stand: He can't stand her smoking in the office.
can't help: He can't help talking so loudly.
risk: He risked being caught.
 10

GERUNDS AFTER SOME VERBS

Here are some of the most common verbs that are usually followed
by the gerund.

deny: He denied committing the crime.

mention: He mentioned going to that college.
imagine: He imagines working there one day.
tolerate: I tolerated her talking.
understand: I understand his quitting.
involve: The job involves travelling to Japan once a month.
complete: He completed renovating the house.
report: He reported her stealing the money.
anticipate: I anticipated arriving late.
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Fill in the blanks with a gerund

It's opening day at the ball park. FEELING The Giants deny
_________________(feel) any added pressure to perform well on their
first day SEEINGback at the ball park. The fans anticipate
SEEING
________________(see) a lot of exciting games this season. They will
enjoy _______________(see) the first of many balls fly over the brick
wall into the McCoveryCOMING
Cove (the bay water behind the outfield).
Fans say they miss _________________(come) to the ball park during the
off season. Now they are back!
They areTAKING
arriving by bus, by train, by boat and by taxi. These fans
certainly don't mind________________(take) public transportation. They
celebrate having an opportunity to attend a game.
EXPLORING
The food vendors are back with some interesting new food choices. Fans
will enjoy________________(explore) the new food options and will no
doubt look forward to trying out Doggie Diner hot dogs, Gilroy Garlic
Complete the sentences with the verbs in
the box. 12

complain/ become/ sell/ play/ cheat/ eat/ lie/ tell/ work/ get/ leave/ write/ do/
wake/
1. He have CHEATING
admitted ........................... on the test.
2. You should avoid EATING
............................... so much meat.
SELLING
3. Please, consider ............................. your house if you
WAKING
need money.
LEAVINGup when it's dark outside.
4. I detest ......................
5. She deniedLYING
................................. the taxi without paying.
BECOMING
6. I enjoyed ........................ on the beach all day.
7. My sister fancies WRITING
................................ a pop star.
8. We finished .................................WORKING
our essays before noon.
DOING
9. The job in the supermarket involved ............................ at
night. COMPLAINING
10. I don't mind ...................... homework. GETTING
Ha, ha.
11. My colleague keptPLAYING ............................... all the time. It was
annoying. HAVING
12. I took my umbrella. TELLING
I didn't want to risk .........................
wet.
PRACTICE: COMPLETE THE 13

SENTENCE USING YOUR IDEAS…

I have always disliked…
I usually postpone…
My best friend enjoys…
I don’t mind…
When I was a child I detested…
I have practiced … since I was very young
I usually imagine myself…
I have always avoided…
I can’t stand…
I can’t help…
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Adjectives + preposition + gerund

Examples

accustomed to I am accustomed to seeing this dog in the park

every day.
afraid of Like everybody else, I was afraid of getting old.
angry about There’s no question he’s angry about being in jail.
ashamed of Is it something we should be ashamed of showing my
mom?
capable of I know what Roger is capable of doing.
certain about You’re absolutely certain about winning?
concerned with They’re just concerned about getting the right
 15

Adjectives + preposition + gerund

enthusiastic about It’s clear he’s not enthusiastic about moving to
Alabama.
excited aboutWe are excited about going to Hawaii for a vacation.
familiar with Each student was familiar with doing this kind of
research.
famous for She became famous for singing in musicals.
fond of He’s fond of saying that is has four full-time jobs.
glad about Dad was glad about getting a new job so close to
home.
good at My friends are really good at playing baseball.
happy about Children were happy about going to the Zoo.
interested in Dad is interested in learning more about Jake’s new job.
keen on Brian is keen on riding his bike by the lake.
Adjectives + preposition + gerund 16

nervous about Pete was really nervous about going to a new

school.
perfect for These shoes are perfect for hiking in the mountains.
proud of/about Larry was proud of graduating from college.
responsible for Do you know who is responsible for breaking the
window?
sad about We were very sad about leaving Miami.
successful in I am usually successful in getting my plans to work out.
suitable for This cabinet is suitable for storing old magazines.
tired of We got tired of hearing the same story again and again.
tolerant of Have we become more tolerant of lying?
upset about We were all upset about losing the game.
used to She’s used to sleeping with the window open.
useful for Wiki is very useful for studying for the graduation
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• She is good at (dance) ____________________.

• He is crazy about (sing) DANCING
___________________.
• They are afraid of (swim) _____________________ in the
SINGING

sea. SWIMMING

• You should give up (smoke) _____________________.

SMOKING

• Sam dreams of (be)_____________________

BEING a popstar.
• He is interested in (make) ___________________
MAKING friends.
• My uncle is afraid of (go) GOING
__________________ by plane.
• We insist on (cook) ____________________
COOKING the dinner
ourselves.
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Adjectives + preposition + gerund

Put in the correct preposition and form of the verb:
1. England is famousfor having
____________(have) rainy weather.
2. I'm very proud of seeing
____________(see) my daughter graduate at the
top of her class.
in ____________
3. He isn't really interested getting (get) married.
4. Luke is very pleasedwith acing
___________________(ace) his exams.
5. Unfortunately, I'm very badat__________________
playing (play) musical
instruments. about organizing
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Adjectives + preposition + gerund

of playing
7. My niece is afraid ___________________ (play) with dogs.
about buying
8. I'm very excited __________________(buy) a new computer.
in singing
9. She is interested ___________________ (sing) jazz.
with having
10. Are you pleased __________________ (have) bought your new
house? at learning
of good
11. Lucy is extremely doing___________________ (learn)

languages.
12. He isn't afraid ___________________ (do) anything.
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END OF GERUNDS
2. infinitives
To be or not to be.
 22

What are we going to learn?

PART TWO
• Review of Gerunds
• Grammar: Infinitives
• Infinitives as subjects
• Exercises: Verbs followed
infinitives
 23

What’s an infinitive?
• It is the basic form of a verb (TO EAT; TO GO; TO DO)
• It is not a noun – but it indicates an activity
• It is NOT a verb.

• To swim is a great way to stay healthy

• We want to walk in the Woods near our home
• YOU NEVER USE INFINITIVES AFTER
PREPOSITIONS

In the sentence: Yannick is playing tennis with his brother,

playing is not a gerund, it is a verb, a verb in present
 24

When do we use infinitives?

As subjects As objects
After some verbs:
To do yoga is great
We want to eat pizza!
To not lie makes you a Good
person He decided to study art

To live on the beach doesn’t Tom has agreed to lend us the

attract me money
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When do we use infinitives?

To indicate purpose With the introductory
IT+be+adjective
She practices yoga to be
healthy It is good to take a break

I have saved money to travel It has been exciting to ride a

to Europe motorcycle

They went to buy some food I will be great to travel to the

beach
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Verbs followed by infinitives

• Afford I can´t afford to lose my job
• Agree We agreed to meet on Friday
• Arrange I have arranged to stay at the Hilton
• Bother He didn’t bother to answer my messages!
• Decide She dicided to study Law
• Demand They demanded to participate en the tournament
• Fail I faild to pass the test
• HesitateHe hesitated to tell the truth
• Hope We hope to be there on time
• Learn I learn to walk when I was 10 months old
• ManageHow did you manage to stay awake?
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Verbs followed by infinitives

• Offer He offered to help with the pasta
• Pretend She pretended to be fine but she easn’t.
• Promise I promise to go as son as I can
• Refuse They refused to take the pill
• Seek She seeks to be the firt female president
• Seem My dog seems to be bored
• Swear I swear to pay you back soon!
• Tend People tend to disobey the quarantine
• Threaten My wife threatened to move with her mother
• Vow I vow to pay you back soon!
Use these verbs to complete these
sentences. 28

arrive /survive/ be /work/ renovate/ contact/ answer/ talk

• I asked him several times but he didn't to answer

bother ................................. my question.
• Finallly, we agreedto...........................
work on the project together.
to talk
• I demand ......................... to your boss.
• Jack usually failsto arrive
.............................. on time.
• Domestic animals somehow managed to survive
............................. the
fire. to renovate
• We're not planning ......................... the to contact
hotel much longer.
• If you have any questions, to bedon't hesitate ...............................
me.
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Infinitive of purpose-match the sentences

1. Priscilla needs a car a. to finish her project
2. Did you ask me that b. to arrive on time to work
question c. to avoid any confrontation
3. John is staying home d. to advance in his career
4. We will have a party e. to see if she’s ok?
5. Ruben took up a master’s f. to save some money
6. Will you call her g. to meet our neighbours
7. I have been quiet h. to see if I was lying?
8. Nuria is staying up late
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END OF INFINITIVES
3. Verbs that accept both
With or without change in meaning.
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Verbs + gerunds/infinitives
• Some verbs accept either a gerund or infinitive without any
difference in meaning or use:
• Begin
• Start
• Continue
• Hate
• Like
• Love
• Prefer
• Propose
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Verbs + gerunds/infinitives
• Other verbs accept both but there is a change in the
meaning:

• Forget – I forgot to lock the door (I didn’t do it). I

forgot saying that (it is not in my memory if I said that
or not).
• Remember – I always remember to check my email (I
do it). I don’t remember buying this shirt (the action is
not in my memory).
• Go on – He went on to study French (he finished his
English course and decided to study French). He went
 34

Verbs + gerunds/infinitives
• Quit – She quit to work here (she was in another
company but now she is here). She quit working here
(she doesn’t work here anymore).
• Regret – I regret to tell you this (I feel bad to tell you). I
regret buying that car (I feel bad I bought that car).
• Stop – She stopped to greet us (She was walking home
and saw us). She stopped playing tennis (she felt tired so
she stopped.)
• Try – They tried to stop the thieve (they made an
attempt but couldn’t do it). They tried taking the class
online (it was one of the options but perhaps it wasn’t
 35

Exercise 1
looking
1. We stopped _____________ (look) for a new apartment
because we found one.
doing
2. I don’t know how to lose weight. I have tried
_____________ (do) yoga, weight lifting and crossfit and
still I am chubby. to take up
3. After college, he went on _____________ (take up) a
to close
business degree at UCLA.
taking/to take(close) the window so the cat
4. Sam forgot _____________
escaped. going/to
go
5. Talulah began ____________ (take) karate lessons a month
ago.
 36

Exercise 1
smoking
7. It’s so hard to quit _____________! (smoke)
8. What is something you reading/to
love ______________ (read) in
your free criticising
time? read
9. I regret ____________ (criticise) her work. Now, she
doesn’t speakplaying
to me.
10. Susan forgotto____________
travel (play) with dolls when she was
a child. arguing
11. They try _______________ (travel) at least once a year.
12. Dominique went on _____________ (argue) with her
boyfriend until she made him cry!
 37

Complete the dialogue I

talking
Kim: I miss _____________(talk) with my best friend. I
remember going with him everywhere!
Ron: Why did you stoptalking
______________(talk)?
turning
Kim: We celebrated ______________(turn)30 at the same time,
but then he got a new job and moved to a new city.
Ron: I remember hearing
_____________(hear) that. Have you talked
to him recently?
Kim: Yes, but I regretnot
____________(not, call) him more often.
Ron: I imaginebeing calling
_____________(be) far apart is difficult.
Kim: It is. I enjoy spending
_____________(spend) time with him!
 38

Complete the dialogue II

Ben: Do you wantto go
______________(go) to the movies?
Heather: No, I needto______________(buy
buy )a new swimsuit at
the store. to tell
Ben: Oh, I forgot ______________(tell) you - I bought you a
new swimsuit already! to save
Heather: You to payYou promised ____________(save)money
did??
for our trip! shopping
Ben: I offered ____________(pay) for toitaccept
before but you said no,
so I bought ittowhen
get I went _____________(shop) alone!
Heather: That's nice of you, but I refuse
______________(accept) to make
it.
Ben: I hope____________(get) my money back from the store
Fill in the blanks with gerunds or 39

infinitives I
EATING/TO
My friend Bernardo liked _________________ (eat)
McDonald’s hamburgers. EAT But he had a problem. He was
gaining TO GO He decided _________________
weight.. EATING
(go) on a
BUYING/TO(eat) fast food and
diet. He stopped _________________
started _________________BUY(buy) more fruit and vegetables.
AfterTO LOSEhe had lost a few pounds. ButJOINING
a month, he wanted
_________________ (lose)EXERCISI
more. I suggested
TO TRY (join) aNG
_________________ gym. Bernardo disliked
_________________ (exercise), but LOSING
he agreed
_________________ (try) it. Now he exercises every day and
he looks better. He’s looking forward to_________________
Fill in the blanks with gerunds or 40

infinitives II
My friend Bernardo enjoysCOOKIN
__________(cook) . He also really
EATING
likes __________(eat). G But one month ago, his girlfriend told
TO LOSE
him __________(lose) TO
weight, so he JOIN
decided
__________(join) a gym. TOInGO
the beginning, it was difficult
TO GO (go)regularly. He tried __________(go)
__________ TO GO every day,
but sometimes he forgot __________(go). EXERCISI
Yesterday, he drank
beer withDRINKIN LIFTING
NG
me instead of ______________(exercise). He prefers
G
___________(drink) alcohol to __________(lift) weights, of
DRINKIN TO
course. His girlfriend called him when we were at the pub. He
G TO GET
stopped ___________(drink) ANSWER
his beer ____________(answer)
DRINKIN
the phone. He promised __________ (get)home by 10 p.m.
Fill in the blanks with gerunds or 41

infinitives III
Teresa’s boyfriend Bernardo is gaining weight. She wanted him
TO STOP EATING
__________ _________(stop)(eat) fast food. TOagreed
He
EATING
_________ _________(start)(eat) healthily. A few START
weeks
TO LOSE
passed. Teresa expected Bernardo _________(lose) weight, but
nothing changed. She noticed that sometimes he would smell
THINKING/TO
like hamburgers. She started ______________________(think)
TOhe
THINK
that EAT
had broken his promise _________(eat) well. One day,
she followed him home from work. SheWALKIN saw him pass by
TO but then he stopped ___________(walk).
McDonalds, G He
TO
hesitatedENTER
__________(enter) in, but he finally did. After a few
minutes, sheFOLLOW
decided _______________(follow) him in.
Fill in the blanks with gerunds or 42

infinitives III (cont.)

She caught himEATING
_________(eat) a Big Mac. She attempted
TO
_________(snatch) it from him, but she couldn’t manage
TO GET
SNATCH
_________(get) it out of his greasy hands. He tried
TO PUSH
_________(push) her away, but he accidentally hit her in
the face. Naturally, she got angry. He said that he didn’t
TO _________(hit)
mean HIT her, but sheCRYING/TO
started
_______________(cry). They both CRY
got kicked out of the
TO TALK
restaurant. Now they refuse _________(talk) to each
other.
Fill in the blanks with gerunds or 43

infinitives IV
One month ago, my friend TO LOSE decided
Bernardo
_________________ (lose) EATINGsome weight. He stopped
DRINKIN
_________________ (eat) chocolate, TO EAT up
gave
G
_________________ (drink) beer, and he refused
EATING
_________________ (eat) anything high in fat. This was
TO for him because he enjoyed _________________ (eat)
difficult
DRINK
chocolate andTO HELP _________________ (drink) beer to
he preferred
TO
Diet Coke! Luckily, his girlfriend agreed _________________
MAKE
(help) TO LOSE (make) him a
him. She promised _________________
lot of healthy food, and she did. But JOINING
after two months, he only
EXERCISIN (lose) 3 pounds. Now, his
managed _________________
Fill in the blanks with gerunds or 44

infinitives V
Bernardo lovesTRAVELING/TO
_____________________(travel). He began
TRAVELING/TO TRAVEL
_____________________(travel) when he was a young child. He
TRAVEL
VISITING_____________(visit) new places every Christmas and
remembers
GOING
summer holiday. In particular, he’ll never forget _____________(go)
Hawaii in 2010. On the day he and his family were going to depart,
thereTO GET
was a big snowstorm. His father tried _____________(get) them
SLIDING
to the airport, but the roads were icy. The car kept
TO STOPIn the airport parking lot, his father actually
_____________(slide).
hit another car. He tried _____________(stop) but TOhePACK
couldn’t.
Finally, when they gotTO BRING
inside the airport, Bernardo realized that he
had forgotten _____________(pack) clothes.TO BUY He remembered
_____________(bring) his passport at least. So after arriving in
TRAVELIN
Honolulu, his family had to stop _____________(buy) some clothes
G