Lung capacities and Volume

 Moses FRANKLYN Dumbuya

Lung Volumes and Capacities

 The total volume contained in

the lung at the end of a
maximal inspiration is
subdivided into volumes and
subdivided into capacities.
There are 4 volume subdivisions

 They do not overlap

 They can not be further divided

 When added together equal total

lung capacity
Lung Capacities

 Aresubdivisions of the total

volume that include two or
more of the 4 basic lung
volumes
Basic Lung Volumes

 Tidal Volume: TV
 The amount of gas inspired or

expired with each normal breath.

 About 500 ml
Basic Lung Volumes

 Inspiratory Reserve Volume: IRV

 Maximum amount of additional

air that can be inspired from the

end of a normal inspiration.
Basic Lung Volumes

 Expiratory Reserve Volume: ERV

 The maximum volume of

additional air that can be expired

from the end of a normal
expiration.
 Basic Lung Volumes
 Residual Volume: RV
 The volume of air remaining in the lung

after a maximal expiration. This is the only

lung volume which cannot be measured
with a spirometer.
 Gas dilution tech

 nitrogen
 helium
 Body Plethysmograph
Lung Capacities
 Total Lung Capacity: TLC
 The volume of air contained in the

lungs at the end of a maximal

inspiration.
 Called a capacity because it is the

sum of the 4 basic lung volumes

 TLC= RV+IRV+TV+ERV
Lung Capacities
 Vital Capacity: VC
 The maximum volume of air that can be

forcefully expelled from the lungs

following a maximal inspiration.
 Called a capacity because it is the sum

of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal

volume and expiratory reserve volume.
 VC= IRV+TV+ERV = TLC - RV
Lung Capacities
 Functional Residual Capacity: FRC
 The volume of air remaining in the

lung at the end of a normal

expiration.
 Called a capacity because it equal

residual volume plus expiratory

reserve volume.
 FRC= RV+ERV
Lung Capacities
 Inspiratory Capacity: IC
 Maximum volume of air that can be inspired

from end expiratory position.

 Called a capacity because it is the sum of

tidal volume and inspiratory reserve

volume.
 This capacity is of less clinical significance

than the other three.

 IC= TV+IRV
Respiratory Diseases
 Restrictive Disease:
 Makes it more difficult to get air in to the lungs.

 They “restrict” inspiration.

 Decreased VC; Decreased TLC, RV, FRC

 Includes:

 Fibrosis

 Sarcoidosis

 Muscular diseases

 Chest wall deformities

Respiratory Diseases
 Obstructive Disease
 Make it more difficult to get air out of the

lungs.
 Decrease VC; Increased TLC, RV, and

FRC
 Includes:

 Emphysema

 Chronic bronchitis

 Asthma