Network Layer:

IP Addressing-Part II

Mr. Vipul H. Kondekar

(vhkondekar@witsolapur.org)
Assistant Professor,
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur

(www.witsolapur.org)

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Learning Outcomes
At the end of this session, students will be able to

1) Explore the concept of classless addressing.

2) Compare classful and classless IP Addressing
3) Identify the class of an IP address and special IP Address.
4) Differntiate the network address and host address given a classless IP
address.

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Contents

 Introduction
 Address blocks and Addresses per block for each class.
 Special IP Addresses
 Classless IP Addressing(CIDR)
 Network ID and Host ID representation with CIDR

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Introduction:
Classful addressing Lack of address class to support medium size
company
-- Class B: 65534 hosts/network, too big!
-- Class C: 254 hosts/network, too small!

Classful addressing Two-layer hierarchy is not appropriate for large

networks with Class A and Class B addresses. Hence we use
Subnetting

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Introduction:
Classful addressing Inflexible. Assume a company requires 2,000 addresses
–Class A and B addresses are overkill
–Class C address is insufficient (requires 8 Class C addresses) hence we use Classless
Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

• Classful addressing is a special case of classless addressing.

• In classful addressing, a large part of the available addresses were wasted.

Classful addressing, which is almost obsolete, is replaced with classless addressing.

• Address allocation is the responsibility of a global authority called the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Addresses (ICANN). It usually assigns a large block of addresses to an
ISP to be distributed to its Internet users.

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Classwise No. of blocks and Addresses in each block

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 Millions of class A addresses are wasted.

Many class B addresses are wasted.

The number of addresses in class C is
smaller than the needs of most
organizations.

Class D addresses are used for

multicasting; there is only one block in
this class.

Class E addresses are reserved for future

purposes; most of the block is wasted

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 Table 1 Special addresses

Table 2 Addresses for private networks

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Network address

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Example of direct broadcast address

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Example of limited broadcast address

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Examples of “this host on this network”

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Example of “specific host on this network”

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Example of loopback address

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Classless Addressing:
In classless addressing variable-length blocks are assigned that belong to no
class. In this architecture, the entire address space (232 addresses) is divided
into blocks of different sizes.

It supports VLSM(Variable length subnet Mask)

Figure 1 Format of classless addressing address

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Table 3 Prefix lengths

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 Think!!
Can you
What is the first address in the block if one of the
solve?
addresses is 167.199.170.82/27?

Solution
The prefix length is 27, which means that we must keep
the first 27 bits as is and change the remaining bits (5)
to 0s. The following shows the process:
Address in binary: 10100111 11000111 10101010 01010010
Keep the left 27 bits: 10100111 11000111 10101010 01000000
Result in CIDR notation: 167.199.170.64/27

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Find the number of addresses in the block if one of the
addresses is 140.120.84.24/20.

Solution
The prefix length is 20. The number of addresses in the
block is 232−20 or 212 or 4096. Note that
this is a large block with 4096 addresses.

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References
• Data communication- B.A. Forouzan 4th Edition Tata Mc Graw hill
Publication.
• TCP/IP protocol suit- B.A. Forouzan 4th Edition Tata Mc Graw hill
Publication.
• Computer Networking, J. Kurose & K. Ross
• Computer networks- Andrew S.Tanenbaum
• Internetworking TCP/IP Principal, Protocol and Architecture -Douglas Comer-
Addision -Wesley
• TCP/IP Illustrated, The Protocols – W. Richard Slevens, G.Gabrani –PE pub.
• Data and computer communication – William Stallings. - PE pub.

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Thanks!!

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