Soft Starter for 1-ph induction

motor

How and Why they Work, and

What they can do for You.
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What is soft starter?
 Soft start is an electronics term
describing any circuit which reduces
excess current during initial power-up.
 The Starting Point
 The performance of a soft starter is
crucially dependent on the performance
of the motor it controls.
 Therefore, it is essential to understand
motor characteristics in order to
understand soft starter applications.

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 Statements of Fact - 1
 Energy cannot be created or destroyed
- but it can be converted from one form
to another.
 In a conversion system, an event such
as a surge in demand, experienced in
one form of energy is immediately
reflected in the other form of energy.

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 Statements of Fact - 2
 An induction motor is an energy
conversion device, converting electrical
energy into mechanical energy and some
heat energy.
 For an induction motor, torque is
proportional to the motor terminal voltage
squared. (V2). So, for example, half the
voltage produces a quarter of the torque.

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 Induction Motors - 1

 Were invented about 100 years ago.

 Because of their simplicity and
efficiency, they are the workhorses of
industry throughout the world.

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 Induction Motors - 2
 The induction motor has two basic
functions to fulfil :
 1 To accelerate itself and its load to
full speed.
 2 To maintain the load at full speed
efficiently and effectively over the
full range of loading.

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 The motor speed-torque
curve
Pull Out (Peak) Torque
Torque (MK)

Locked Rotor
Torque (LRT, MA)

Pull Up Torque
Full Load Torque
(FLT, MN)

0 Speed S
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 The load speed-torque curve
Torque

Motor

Full Load Torque

(FLT)

Load

0 Speed S
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 Putting the two curves
together we get
Torque Peak Torque

Locked Rotor
Torque Motor

T2

Full Load Torque

The accelerating torque (FLT)
at any speed S’ is
(T2 - T1)

Load
T1
S’
0 Speed S
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 Methods of Starting

Direct-On-Line Starters

Semiconductor Motor Controller

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 Direct-On-Line Starters
 Primitive, but familiar - Just a simple contactor
in circuit between the motor and supply giving
only unsynchronised on-off control
 No control over inrush currents or torque
surge at start up
 Very rapid acceleration of load with large
transient forces placed on drive train and
electrical system

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 Direct-On-Line Starting

600%

CURRENT

TIME
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 Semiconductor Motor
Controller
 Is based upon the silicon controlled rectifier or
‘thyristor’.
 By pulsing a thyristor, it switches from ‘off’ to
‘on’ until the current stops flowing though it -
which occurs every half cycle in an AC.
supply.
 By controlling electronically the thyristor turn
on point, it is possible to regulate the energy
passing through it.

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 Thyristor Control
ONE MAINS CYCLE
VOLTAGE OR ENERGY

TIME OR DEGREES
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 Semiconductor Motor
Controller (cont.....)
 By starting with a large delay angle and
gradually reducing it , the motor
terminal voltage is increased from a low
value to full voltage, giving a smooth,
stepless, start.

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 A Soft Start compared

DIRECT-ON-LINE
6-700% STAR-DELTA

CURRENT
SOFT START

100%

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 The Result is :-

 In a simple, reliable and cost

effective piece of equipment, all the
problems of electro-mechanical
starting have been banished to the
past!

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 Applications
 Compressors,
 Chillers, Escalators,
 Conveyors,
 Mixers,
 Rollers,

 Screw feeders.
 MG sets (elevators)

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 Applications
 Ball mills, Crushers,
 Blowers, Pelletisers
 Grinders, Presses,
 Saws, Washers,
 Moulders, Sifters,
 Screens, Tumblers, etc..,etc...,

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 Soft Starter for 1-ph induction

motor

presented

by

M.NagaRaju
(06Q61A0213)

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