ELECTROSTATICS

BY GROUP III
Alviani Surbakti
(4182121020)

Anayosi Br Ginting
(4183322002)

Muhammad Ainal
(4181121004) GROUP
Heryanto Damanik
(4183322004)
III
Bilphys18
 INTRODUCTION
The fundamental problem electromagnetic theory hopes to solve is this figure 1.1:

This means that to determine the

force on Q, we can first compute
The solution to this the force F1, due to alone
problem is facilitated (ignoring all the others); then we
by the principle of compute the force F2, due to
superposition, which alone; and so on. Finally, we
states that the take the vector sum of all these
Figure 1.1
interaction between individual forces: F = F1 + F2
any two charges is + F3 + . . . Thus, if we can find
completely the force on Q due to a single
source charge q, we are in
unaffected by the
We have some electric charges, (call principle, done (the rest is just
presence of others. a question of repeating the same
them source charges); what force do
they exert (apply) on another charge, Q operation over and over, and
(call it the test charge)? The positions of adding it all up).
the source charges are given (as
functions of time); the trajectory of the
test particle is to be calculated. In
general, both the source charges and
 Coulomb's Law
 What is the force on a test charge Q due to a single point charge q which is at rest a
distance away? The answer is given by Coulomb’s law:

It can be concluded that: The electric force (attraction or repulsion) between two electric
charges is proportional to the magnitude of each electric charge and inversely
proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two electric charges.
This is called Coulomb's Law.
The constant is called the permittivity of free space. Then, r is the separation
vector from r location of q and Q. r is its magnitude and a is its direction, or can be
simplified

 
Because, then,
 Example
Given a charge Q1 of 300μC located at point A (1,2,3). Calculate the Coulomb force acting on
another charge Q2 of -100μC which is located at point B (2,0,5)

 
Solution:
The Electric Field
 If we have several point charges at distances from the Q, the total force on Q is

Or , Where,

E is called the electric field of the source charges.

 Example
Find the electric field (magnitude and direction) a distance z above the
midpoint between two equal charges q a distance d apart (figure beside).
Check that your result is consistent with what you would expect when z » d.

 Solution:
The figure problems shows that the x components of the electric fields
generated by the two point charges cancel. The total electric field at P is
equal to the sum of the z components of the electric fields generated by the
two point charges:

When z » d this equation becomes approximately equal to

Continuous Charge Distribution

 Our definition of the electric field, assumes that the source of

the field is a collection of discrete point charges qi. If, instead,
the charge is distributed continuously over some
region, the sum becomes an integral (Fig 2.5a:

If the charge is spread out along a line (Fig. 2.5b), with charge-
per-unit-length , then (where dl’ is an element of length along
the line); if the charge is smeared out over a surface (Fig. 2.5c),
with charge-per-unit-area o, then (where da’ is an element of
area on the surface); and if the charge fiIl a volume (Fig. 2.5d),
with charge-per-unit-volume p, then (where is an element of
volume):
Continuous Charge Distribution

 Thus the electric field of a line charge is

For a surface charge

And for a volume

THANK YOU.