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Anderson4e Ch11 WithLectureNotes
Anderson4e Ch11 WithLectureNotes
Anderson4e Ch11 WithLectureNotes
Chapter 11
• F11.1
• F11.3
• F11.4
• nerve plexus
– sacral (portion of lumbar (L4-L5)
• F11.5
• hyperextension
• hyperextension
• flat back
– decrease in lumbar lordosis (20deg)
– potential causes
– clinical sign - tendency to lean forward when walking
or standing
– impact on COG
• pars interarticularis
– area between superior and inferior facets
• weakest part of the vertebrae
– spondylolysis—fracture
• congenital or mechanical stress
• repeated weight-loading in flexion,
hyperextension, & rotation
• occur early age (age 8);
asymptomatic until ages 10–15
– spondylolisthesis—bilateral separation
• anterior displacement of a vertbra
• common site—lumbosacral joint
• ages 10–15
• Spondylolysis
– stress fracture of the pars interarticularis.
• Spondylolisthesis
– a bilateral fracture of pars interarticularis
accompanied by anterior slippage of involved
vertebra.
• F11.8
• Spondylolisthesis
– MRI demonstrates anterior shift of L5
• F11.9
• particularly susceptible
• female gymnasts, interior football linemen,
weight lifters, volleyball players, pole vaulters,
wrestlers, and rowers
• slippage severity
– LBP
• pain & discomfort can range (local or diffuse)
• no radiating pain
• no signs of neural involvement
– management: standard acute; stretching
• sciatica
– classification levels
• sciatica only
• no sensory or muscle weakness
• modify activity appropriately, and develop
rehabilitation and prevention program
• any increased pain requires immediate
reevaluation
• annular tears
• back pain > leg pain
• pain ↑ sitting & leaning forward, coughing,
sneezing, & straining
• may have muscle spasm and loss of lordosis
• + ipsilateral straight leg raising test
• spinal stenosis
• back and leg pain develop after walking a limited
distance, and increase as distance increases
• leg weakness or numbness is present, with or
without sciatica
• negative straight leg raising test
• positive pain on prolonged spine extension,
relieved with spine flexion
• F11.10
– S&S
• sharp pain & spasm at site of herniation; pain shoots down
extremity
• walk in slightly crouched position, leaning away from side of lesion
• compression on spinal nerve
• sensory & motor deficits
• alteration in tendon reflex
• F11.11
pain lumbar region and buttocks lumbar region, groin, and lumbar region, groin, and
sacroiliac area sacroiliac area
dermatome and sensory anterior midthigh over lateral thigh, anterior leg, top posterior lateral thigh &lower
loss patella, medial lower leg to of foot, middle three toes leg to lateral foot and 5th toe
great toe
myotome weakness ankle dorsiflexion toe extension (extensor ankle plantar flexion
hallux) (gastrocnemius)
– management
• significant signs: immediate physician referral
• standard acute; activity modification
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Lumbar Spine Injuries (Cont’d)
• lumbar fractures and dislocations
– transverse or spinous process fracture
• due to
• extreme tension from attached muscles
• direct blow
• additional injury to surrounding soft tissues
– compression fracture
• hyperflexion crushes anterior aspect of vertebral
body
• primary danger—possibility of bony fragments
moving into spinal canal, damaging cord or spinal
nerves
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Lumbar Spine Injuries (Cont’d)
– dislocations
• occur only when a fracture is present
• rare in sports
– S&S
• localized, palpable pain, may radiate down
the nerve root if a bony fragment compresses
a spinal nerve
– management
• analgesics
• use of padding for protection
• ring seat to alleviate compression during
sitting
• palpation
– patient prone
• pillow under the hip region to tilt the pelvis back and
relax the lumbar curvature
• F11.14
• passive ROM
– seldom performed
• resisted ROM
– weight of the trunk will stabilize the hips
• F11.17
• F11.19
• sync w/ bowstring
– Brudzinski’s
– Kernig’s test
• F11.20
• F11.24
• sync w/ piriformis
• F11.64
• sync w/ trunk
• F11.28
• sync w/ quad
• F11.30
• sync w/ quadrant
• F11.32
• sync w/ Burns
• F11.34
• sync w/ approximation
L3 knee extension
L4 ankle dorsiflexion
L5 toe extension
S2 knee flexion
• F5.8
• this is not a mistake
• F5.1
• this is not a mistake
• restoration of motion
– Grade III and IV mobilization exercises
– flexibility and range-of-motion exercises
– pelvic and abdominal stabilizing exercises
• cardiovascular fitness