GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR

PRSENTATION OF
UNIT – 1
DESIGN OF MECHINE ELEMENT - I
(LEC 1)

PRESENTED BY:
GAUTAM GUNJAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

SYLLABUS
Unit # 1
Mechanical Properties and IS coding of various materials, Selection of material
from properties and economic aspects.  Manufacturing Considerations in Design:
Standardization, Interchangeability, limits, fits tolerances and surface roughness,
BIS codes, Design consideration for cast, forged and machined parts. Design for
assembly.

BLOWN UP TOPICS

 Introduction and scope about subject

 Classifications of Machine Design
 General Considerations in Machine Design
 General Procedure in Machine Design
 1.1Materials
 Classification of Engineering Materials

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Introduction and scope about subject

 The subject Machine Design is the creation of new and better machines and improving

the existing ones. A new or better machine is one which is more economical in the
overall cost of production and operation.

 “Mechanical Engineering Design is defined as iterative decision making

process to describe a machine or mechanical system to perform specific

function with maximum economy and efficiency by using scientific principles,
technical information, and imagination of the designer.”

 In designing a machine component, it is necessary to have a good knowledge of many

subjects such as Mathematics, Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials, Theory

of Machines, Workshop Processes and Engineering Drawing.
Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan
GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Classifications of Machine Design

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Classifications of Machine Design

The machine design may be classified as follows:

1. Adaptive design: In this the designer’s work is concerned with adaptation of existing
designs. The designer only makes minor alternation or modification in the existing
designs of the product.

2. Development design: This type of design needs scientific training and design ability in
order to modify the existing designs into a new idea by adopting a new material or
different method of manufacture.

3. New design: This type of design needs lot of research, technical ability and creative
thinking. Only those designers who have personal qualities of a sufficiently high order
can take up the work of a new design.

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Classifications of Machine Design

4. Rational design: This type of design depends upon mathematical formulae of principle
of mechanics.

5. Empirical design: This type of design depends upon empirical formulae based on the
practice and past experience.

6. Industrial design: This type of design depends upon the production aspects to
manufacture any machine component in the industry.

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

General Considerations in Machine Design

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

General Procedure in Machine Design

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

1.1 MATERIALS

 Engineering materials refers to the group of materials that are used in the construction

of manmade structures and components. The primary function of an engineering

material is to withstand applied loading without breaking and without exhibiting
excessive deflection. The major classifications of engineering materials include metals,
polymers, ceramics, and composites.
 The knowledge of materials and their properties is of great significance for a design

engineer. The machine elements should be made of such a material which has
properties suitable for the conditions of operation.

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Classification of Engineering Materials

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Classification of Engineering Materials

Metals
Metals are polycrystalline bodies which are having number of differentially oriented fine
crystals. Normally major metals are in solid states at normal temperature. However, some
metals such as mercury are also in liquid state at normal temperature. All metals are having
high thermal and electrical conductivity. All metals are having positive temperature
coefficient of resistance. Means resistance of metals increases with increase in temperature.
Examples of metals – Silver, Copper, Gold, Aluminum, Iron, Zinc, Lead, Tin etc. Metals can
be further divided into two groups-
1. Ferrous Metals – All ferrous metals are having iron as common element. All ferrous
materials are having very high permeability which makes these materials suitable for
construction of core of electrical machines. Examples: Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Steel,
Silicon Steel, High Speed Steel, Spring Steel etc.
2. Non-Ferrous Metals - All non-ferrous metals are having very low permeability.
Example: Silver, Copper, Gold, Aluminum etc. Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan
GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Classification of Engineering Materials

Non-Metals
Non-Metal materials are non-crystalline in nature. These exists in amorphic or
mesomorphic forms. These are available in both solid and gaseous forms at normal
temperature. Normally all non-metals are bad conductor of heat and electricity. Examples:
Plastics, Rubber, Leathers, Asbestos etc. As these non-metals are having very high
resistivity which makes them suitable for insulation purpose in electrical machines.
Metals and Alloys
Metals are polycrystalline bodies which are have number of differentially oriented fine
crystals. Pure metals are having very a low mechanical strength, which sometimes does not
match with the mechanical strength required for certain applications. To overcome this
draw back alloys are used. Alloys are the composition of two or more metals or metal and
non-metals together. Alloys are having good mechanical strength, low temperature
coefficient of resistance. Example: Steels, Brass, Bronze, Gunmetal, Invar. Super Alloys etc.
Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan
GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Classification of Engineering Materials

Ceramic Materials
Ceramic materials are non-metallic solids. These are made of inorganic compounds such as
Oxides, Nitrides, Silicates and Carbides. Ceramic materials possess exceptional Structural,
Electrical, Magnetic, Chemical and Thermal properties. These ceramic materials are now
extensively used in different engineering fields. Examples: Silica, glass, cement, concrete,
garnet, Mgo, Cds, Zno, SiC etc.

Organic Materials
All organic materials are having carbon as a common element. In organic materials carbon
is chemically combined with oxygen, hydrogen and other non-metallic substances.
Generally organic materials are having complex chemical bonding. Example: Plastics, PVC,
Synthetic Rubbers etc.

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

Classification of Engineering Materials

Ceramic Materials
Ceramic materials are non-metallic solids. These are made of inorganic compounds such as
Oxides, Nitrides, Silicates and Carbides. Ceramic materials possess exceptional Structural,
Electrical, Magnetic, Chemical and Thermal properties. These ceramic materials are now
extensively used in different engineering fields. Examples: Silica, glass, cement, concrete,
garnet, Mgo, Cds, Zno, SiC etc.

Organic Materials
All organic materials are having carbon as a common element. In organic materials carbon
is chemically combined with oxygen, hydrogen and other non-metallic substances.
Generally organic materials are having complex chemical bonding. Example: Plastics, PVC,
Synthetic Rubbers etc.

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan

GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENT-I MECH/V SEM
JAIPUR

THANKING YOU….

Faculty Name: Gautam Gunjan