LITERATURE ON LONG SPAN

BUILDING
 INTRODUCTION
• Long-span buildings create unobstructed,
column-free spaces greater than 30 metres
(100 feet) for a variety of functions. ... In
these buildings the structural system needed
to achieve these spans is a major concern.
• Structure with span larger than 20m can be
regarded as long span structure for this span
is usually unable to be achieved by ordinary
RCC structure.
Advantages of long span structure

• The advantage of long-span buildings is that

there is more space inside. Long span buildings
are popular for sports arenas and other
applications requiring maximum visibility, and
for bulk storage and retail uses requiring large
clear area.
Long span structures are today widely applied
mainly for sport buildings as:
• − Stadium
• − Sport halls
• − Olympic swimming pools
• − Ice tracks and skating rinks
• − Indoor athletics
• We can play in difference forms of building
 Materials suitable for various forms of long
span and complex structure

• 1. All reinforced concrete including precast

• 2. All metal (e.g. mild-steel, structural steel,
stainless steel or alloyed alumimum,
• 3. All timber
• 4. Laminated timber
• 5. Metal/RC combined
• 6. Plastic-coated Textile material
• 7. Fiber reinforced plastic
 SPORTS COMPLEX
• A sports complex is an enclosed area, often circular or oval-
shaped , designed to showcase and practice of various sports
events.

• Sports complex will have a stadium complex that is to be the most

modern and advance which will be able to facilitate international
sport sand mega-events.

• It will have a dedicated cricket stadium , an outdoor multipurpose

stadium for sports like football and rugby. An indoor multi-
purpose stadium for sports like basketball swimming pool ,
skating rink ,volleyball and a dedicated hockey stadium.
 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF A SPORTS
COMPLEX
• Full provision for all field events
•  A separate warming-up area (desirable)
• Changing and washing facilities for 200 athletes in the proportion two-
thirds male to one-third female
• Additional separate changing accommodation for boys and girls is desirable
• A covered stand to seat least 2000 spectators.
• Appropriate toilet and car parking facilities.
• An announcer’s  box and provision for the press, broadcasting and
television
• Officials’  room
• Equipment rooms and store
• The perimeter of the track not covered by the stand should, if possible,
beterraced to provide further spectator
ARRANGEMENT FOR GENERAL SEATING
• THE TOTAL HEIGHT OF SEAT SHOULD BE 1200MM (4’0”)
• (FROM BASE OF LOWER TREAD TO TOP OF HEIGHT OF MAN)
• SEAT HEIGHT = 450MM (1’6”)
• SEAT WIDTH = 800MM (2’8”)
• SEAT DEPTH/PERSON = 350MM WIDE (1’2”)
• GAP OF ONE PERSON TO LEGS OF OTHER PERSON ON BEHIND ROW =
250MM
• WIDTH OF LEGS OF PERSONS = 200MM (8”)
• TREAD WIDTH = 32- 36”
• RISER = 3 OR 4” TO 22.5”
• WIDTH OF AISLE TREAD = 36”
 TYPES OF SEATING
• SEATING WITH BACKS, FIXED AND FOLD-UP
o ROW WIDTH 780-800MM RECOMMENDED
o MINIMUM CLEAR SEAT WAY 305MM
o WIDTH OF SEATS 460-500MM FOR SEATS WITHOUT ARMS 500MM FOR
SEATS WITH ARMS

• BENCHES WITHOUT BACKS

o ROW WIDTH 610MM MIN RECOMMENDED
o MINIMUM CLEAR SEAT WAY 400MM
o WIDTH OF SEATS 460-500MM
o THESE ALLOW CLOSER SPACING BUT ARE LESS COMFORTABLE.
 TYPES OF ROOM
ROOM TYPES DIMENSION (M) USEABLE AREA (M2)
CONDITIONING /WEIGHT DEPENDING ON THE 35 TO 200
TRAINING ROOM RANGE OF APPARATUS,
MINIMUM HEIGHT 3.5M

FITNESS ROOM DEPENDING ON THE 20 TO 50

RANGE OF APPARATUS,
MINIMUM HEIGHT 2.5M

GYMNASTICS ROOM 10*10*4 TO 100 TO 196

14*14*4
 TYPES OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL HALL
TYPES OF HALL DIMENSION USEABLE INDOOR NUMBER F
(M) SPORTS AREA GAMES TRAINING
(M2) COURTS
MULTIFUNCTIO
NAL HALL
SINGLE HALL 15*27 405 BADMINTONS 4
BASKETBALL 1
VOLLRYBALL 1
TRIPLE HALL 27*45 1215 BADMINTON 12
DIVIDE INTO 3 BASKETBALL 3
SECTION FOOTBALL
HANDBALL
VOLLEYBALL 3

QUADRUPLE 27*60 1620 BADMINTON 16

DIVIDE INTO 4 BASKETBALL 4
SEC FOOTBALL
HANDBALL
VOLLEYBALL 4
ALTERNATIVE 22*44 DIVIDE 968 BADMINTON 6
DOUBLE HALL INTO 2 SEC VOLLEYBALL 3
TYPES OF DIMENSION USEABLE INDOOR NUMBER OF
HALL (M) SPORTS AREA GAMES TRANNING
(M2) COURTS
GAMES HALL
SINGLE HALL 22*44 968 BADMINTON 6
BASKETBALL
FOOTBALL
HANDBALL
HOCKEY
VOLLEYBALL 3
DOUBLE HALL 44*68 2904 BADMINTON 24
BASKETBALL
FOOTBALL
(20*40)
(30*60)
HANDBALL
HOCKEY
VOLLEYBALL 9
QUADRUPLE 44*88 3872 BADMINTON 32
HALL BASKETBALL
 FIRST AID FACILITIES

• First aid rooms for the spectators should be provideed lose to

the spectator area. First aid treatment for20000 or more
spectators requires a suite of room.: treatment and recovery
room 15m2 , storeroom 2m2 two toilet with ventilation. For
sports grounds with 30000 capacity or greater , provide an
additional room of 15m2 for the emergency service (police ,
fire brigade).
 EXITS FROM SPORTS GROUNDS
• Large numbers of spectators in sports grounds are a source of
• danger to themselves, particularly from:
–Tripping, slipping and falling
–Crowd pressure on terraces and exits and
–Fire and chaos.
• All spectators should be able to leave a sports ground within 8minutes.
• If there are combustible stands (such as constructed of timber) spectators must be able to be cleared
from them within 2½ Minutes.
• An exit or escape route be less than 1.1 m wide, minimum headroom 2.4 m
• No flight should have less than three or more than 16 risers and two flights with more than 12 risers
should have a turn between.
• Ramps should not be steeper than 10 per cent ( 1:10 )
THE FORMULA GIVING THE STAIRCASE WIDTH NECESSARY TO ALLOW A CERTAIN NUMBER OF
SPECTATORS TO LEAVE THE STADIUM IN A GIVEN TIME IS

STAIRCASE WIDTH = NUMBER OF SPECTATORS/EMPTYING TIME *1.25

 INDOOR SPORTS COMPLEX:
• THE FIELD THAT ALLOWS A VARIETY OF TYPICALLY PLAYED
OUTDOOR SPORTS EVEN TO BE PLAYED INDOOR.
• THESE COMPLEXES EVEN PROVIDE A “TURF FIELD” THAT
ALLOWS A WIDE CLUTTER OF SPORTS TO BE PLAYED INDOOR.
• INDOOR SERVICES:
• A. SOCCER
• B. BASEBALL
• C. FLAG FOOTBALL
• D. SHOOTING ARCH
• E. RUGBY AND OTHERS..
• OTHER SPACES LIKE:
• A. GYMNASTICS
• B. WRESTLING
• C. MARTIAL ARTS AND BOXING
• VARIATION FOR STRUCTURES MADE FOR COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY.

EXERCISE
LOCKER ROOMS WITH EQUIPMENT
SHOWER

ADDITIONAL
AMENITIES
 ADVANTAGE POINTS
• A. LOW MAINTAINACE COST
• B. ENERGY EFFICIENT ROOF
• C. RAPID DESIGN
• D. RAPID DESIGN-CONSTRUCTION AND
INSTALLATION
• E. REDUCED TIME ON SITE
• F. MULTIPLE USE
• G. COMPREHENSIVE-LONG TERM SERVICE
 Q. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE ?

• USEFULNESS ALL THE TIME, IN ANY WEATHER CONDITION.

• EFFEICIENT LIGHTING SYSTEM PROVIDE ADEQUATE STEADY
LIGHT ALL THE TIME.
• SERVES AS MULTI-RECREATIONAL FACILITY
• INCORPORATING…
• A. FITNESS LOFTS, DANCING STUDIOS, SAUNAS…