ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA CHIMBORAZO

ESCUELA DE FINANZAS
ENGLISH
INTEGRANTS:
Erika Chinlli
Alexandra Chaluiza
Dina Ortega
Carlos Guevara
Tatiana Ramos
David Urrea
Viviana Yaguachi
Zoily Cañas
Gabriela Bonilla
 Present simple
The present simple is used to identify actions that take place at the time of speech, that are part of a routine and are
repeated regularly, actions that follow one after another, that are programmed, or made with a permanent validity.

The present simple is used in

English to express: situations that
occur regularly , which are usually
accompanied by temporary
markers
Actions that follow
Sentences that express stable or
Situations of general validity
permanently valid situations or
that contain verbs related to
Future activities that are part of a thought or memory.
program or schedule
STRUCTURE

• POSSITIVE
You       + verb in simple form+ complement.
We
They

He
She    + verb + -s or -es + complement.
It

NEGATIVE
• Sujeto + do/does + not + verbo + complement
• I do not sin
• She does not sing.
• QUESTION
•      I
Do  you   + verb in simple form +complement ?
       we
       they

Example: Do you go to school every day?

               Yes, I do.
               No, I don´t

          he
Does she + verb in simple form + complement ?
          it
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The "present continuous" of any verb is composed of two parts:

the present of the verb to be + the "present participle" of the main
verb. (To form the "present participle": root + ing, e.g. talking,
playing, moving, smiling)
EXAMPLES:"PRESENT
CONTINUOUS"
 Present Continuous Forms

• The present continuous is formed using am/is/are + present participle.

Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and am/is/are. Negatives
are made with not.
• Statement: You are watching TV.
• Question: Are you watching TV?
• Negative: You are not watching TV.
PRESENT PERFECT
 DEFINITION
In general, it is a mixture
between
the present and the past.

USE
The present perfect is used
to refer to actions that began
in the past and continue in the
present.
AUXILIAR VERB
REGULAR VERB AND IRREGULAR VERB
STRUCTURE
 Present Perfect Continuous
The "present perfect continuous" is composed of two elements:
the "perfect present" of the verb 'to be' (to have been) and the
"present participle" of the main verb (root + ing).
We use this time when we want to express the sense of the
continuity of an action that has begun in the past and that still
lasts in the present or has just ended.

The Present Perfect Continuous is used when you want to

highlight an action, which started in the past and still continues.
  Affirmative Sentences
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + “been” + verbo+ing.
They have [They’ve] been talking for three hours.
Negative Sentences
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + “not” + “been” + verbo+ing. 
They haven’t been talking for more than a few minutes.
 Interrogative Sentences 
Verbo auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + “been” + verbo+ing?
Have they been talking for a long time?
Past simple
• The simple past is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that happened or
existed before now.
• something that happened twenty years ago or something that happened two
minutes ago.
• The most used expressions for the simple past are: yesterday, one week ago, last
night (month, year, weekend, Monday), the day before yesterday, two days ago.
• The time expression appears either at the beginning or at the end of the
sentence – never in the middle of the sentence.
  Irregular verb for the use of the past
 The simple past is formed
simple do not follow the general rules of
by adding – ed to the base
conjugation because they are different
form of the verb (the
words (do, did, done) or because they
infinitive without to).
are the same as the infinitive .
 Irregular verb
Regular verb
POSITIVE FORM
POSITIVE FORM [subject] + Second Form of Verb.
[subject] + Second Form of Verb. • For example :
• For example :  We went by bus in that occasion
 You worked very hard last week. (Fuimos en autobús en esa ocasión)
(Tú trabajaste muy duro la semana pasada)  They made good time on their trip to
 He asked me out today. (me invite a California.(Hicieron buen tiempo en su viaje a
salir hoy)
California.)

 We use didn't (did not) to make a negative

sentence in the past tense.
[subject] + DID NOT + First Form of Verb.

 You did not work very hard last week.

 He did not ask me out today.
 We did not go by bus in that occasion.
 They did not make good time on their trip to California.
  WE USE DID TO MAKE QUESTIONS
WITH THE PAST SIMPLE

DID + [SUBJECT] + [ FIRST FORM OF

VERB ] .

 Did you work very hard last week?

 Did He ask me out today?
 Did We go by bus in that occasion?
 Did They make good time on their trip to California?
 PAST PERFECT
The past perfect is a verb tense that is mainly
used to identify actions that occurred before
others that took place in the past. It is used to
indicate that an event will be held before
another in the past.
 TRAINING OF "PAST PERFECT
The "past perfect" is composed of two parts:
the past tense of the verb to have (had) + the "past participle" of the main
verb.
Subject had past participle
Affirmative
She had given
Negative
She hasn't asked.
Interrogative
Had they arrived?
 "PAST PERFECT" + JUST

'Just' is used with the "past perfect" to refer to an event that

occurred shortly before another event in the past.

• The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

• She had just left the room when the police arrived.
• I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.
 How is the past perfect used?

So when you got to the party

In this example, the action we
have as a reference is that which
is in the past simple, that is, the
time to arrive at the party.
I realized I had forgotten the
gift.  Forgotten the gift. The
act of forgetting the gift
occurred prior to arriving at
the party.
STRUCTURE TO PREPARE THE PERFECT PAST

FORM STRUCTURE EXAMPLES

Sujeto + had + verbo (past

AFFIRMATIVE He had been there before.
participle) + (complemento)

Sujeto + had + not + verbo (past

NEGATIVE They hadn't eaten anything yet.
participle) + (complemento)

Had + sujeto + verbo (past Had you ever done bungee

INTERROGATIVE
participle) + (complemento) jumping?
 THE FUTURE
GOING TO

Going to is not a tense. It is a special structure that we

use to talk about the future.

subject + be + going + to-infinitive

 WILL FUTURE

• Will future expresses a spontaneous decision, an

assumption with regard to the future or an action in
the future that cannot be influenced.

  positive negative question

• Form of will Future
no differences I will speak. I will not speak. Will I speak?
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR
FUTURE
• English speakers often use the present continuous tense

(SUBJECT + 'BE' = VERB-ING)

To talk about future arrangements. A future arrangement is a plan that you have decided and
organized with another person.
 PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE

• The Present Simple talks about general

present situations showing generally
accepted facts or truth and also for showing
habits and things that happen regularly,
often, sometimes, always, never etc.
 PAST CONTINUOUS

Past continuous is a tense that is used to talk about an action from the past that has not yet end when we refer to it.
Example:
I was having a shower when the telephone rang.
While we were sailing a whale appeared.

Past continuous structure

 Affirmative form

SUBJECT AUXILIARY VERB EXAMPLES

(PAST (-ING)
FORM)
I was sleeping I was sleeping on the sofa.
You were sleeping You were sleeping on the sofa.
 Negative form

SUBJECT AUXILIAR VERB EXAMPLES

Y (-ING)
(PAST
FORM)
I was not sleeping I wasn't sleeping on the sofa.
wasn't
You were not sleeping You weren't sleeping on the sofa.
weren't

 The interrogative form

AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB EXAMPLES
(-ING)
Was I sleeping? Was I sleeping on the sofa?

Were you sleeping? Were you sleeping on the sofa?

 How is past continuous used?
 Refer to an action that was taking place at a specific time in the past.

Example: Yesterday at 6:00 p.m. we were preparing the meal.

 In descriptions

Example: This morning it was raining.

 When two unfinished actions occur at the same time, these actions are usually linked to the while
(while) or when (when) particles.

Example: While you were brushing your teeth I was sleeping.

 PRESENT CONTINUOS FOR FUTURE

We can also use the Present Continuous

I am taking my exam next month.
tense to talk about the future - if we add
a future word!! We must add (or understand past present future
from the context) a future word. "Future
words" include, for
example, tomorrow, next year, in June, at   !!!
Christmas etc. We only use the Present
Continuous tense to talk about the future   A firm plan or The action is in
when we have planned to do something programme exists the future.
before we speak. We have already made a now.
decision and a plan before speaking.
 The present continuous tense has two
uses:
1) Use it to describe what is happening at the moment.
        ‘Where’s dad?’
        ‘He’s watching TV in the living room’.
2) Use it to describe plans and arrangements in the future.
        ‘Tom is arriving on the three o’clock train tomorrow’.
• Remember:
• Certain verbs, actions or situations in sentences cannot be used with the present continuous
with future meaning because they are not part of a plan, an arrangement or an intention.
The present continuous tense for the future can only be used when an action or situation
can logically be planned in advance: