LET’S PLAY A

GAME!!!!
THE BOAT IS
SINKING!!!!
GROUP
YOURSELVES
ACCORDING TO
CUP SIZE
Who is the Father of
Western Philosophy?
A. Lao Tzu B.Aristotle
C. Jose
Rizal
GROUP
YOURSELVES INTO
5 WHILE CARRYING
THE LAST 3
PERSONS
A GUIDE TO THE RIGHTNESS
OR WRONGNESS OF ONE’S
BEHAVIOR
A. Conscience B.Guilt
C. Free Will
GROUP
YOURSELVES
ACCORDING TO
HEIGHT
A REVOUTION FROM
FEBRUARY 22-26,1986
A. French Revolution B. EDSA

Revolution
GROUP YOURSELVES
ALPHABETICALLY
Who states that “LOVE IS
FREEDOM”?

A. PADRE DAMASO B. ST. THOMAS

AQUINAS
C. POPE FRANCIS
Introduction :
This lesson highlights freedom from the intellectual,
political, spiritual, and economic aspects. To be free
is a part of humanity’s authenticity. In one way,
understanding freedom is part of our
transcendence. Freedom consists of going beyond
situations but critical thinking is an important tool
towards freedom and truth.
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FREEDOM OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
REALIZE THAT ALL
ACTIONS HAVE
CONSEQUENCES
LESSON 5.1
A. ARISTOTLE
MARY KATE ALINGASA
ARISTOTLE

“
The Power of Volition

The imperative quality of a judgement of

practical intellect is meaningless, apart from
will. Reason can legislate, but only through
will can it’s legislation be translated into
action. The task of practical intellect is to
guide will by enlightening it.

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Will, in fact, is to be understand wholly in
terms of intellect. If there were no intellect,
there would be no will.

The will of humanity is an instrument of free

choice. It is within the power of everyone to
be good or bad, worthy or worthless.

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Will is borne out by:
• our inner awareness of an aptitude
to do right or wrong
• the common testimony of all human beings
• the rewards and punishment of rulers; and
• the general employment of
praise and blame

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For Aristotle,
A human being is rational.
Reason is divine characteristic.
Human have the spark of divine.
Reason, will, and action drives
each other.

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 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

B. ST.
THOMAS AQUINAS
AL DANIEL JUMILLA & TIFFANY GERVERO

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LOVE IS FREEDOM
Human beings have the unique power
to change and make things around
them change for the better.
Considers human being as a moral agent.
Human as both spiritual and body elements;
the spiritual and the material which helps us
understand our complexity.
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Spirituality separates us from animals;
it delineates moral dimension of our
fulfillment in action. The presence of
conscience whether we choose to be
“good” or “evil” becomes our
responsibility.
Human being has a supernatural,
transcendental destiny.
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Power of Change cannot be aimed by a human
being alone but with cooperation with God.

Fourfold Classification of Law :

 Eternal Law
 Natural Law
 Human Law
 Divine Law
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Natural Law

“
In ethical sense, applies only to human beings.
The first principle is good to be sought after and
evil is avoided (self-preservation)
Human Law
Ordinance of reason for the common good made
by the society’s ruler

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Eternal Law

“
Decree of God that governs all creation. “The Law
which is the Supreme Reason cannot be understood
to be otherwise than unchangeable and eternal”.

Divine Law
Deals with interior disposition as well as external
acts and it ensures the final punishment of all
evildoings.
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C. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS :
SPIRITUAL FREEDOM
ALYSSA JANINE MADURAR
 St. Thomas Aquinas
establishes the
existence of God as
first cause. Humans
have the unique power
to change an we are
both spiritual material.
We have conscience
God is Love and Love is our destiny. because of spirituality.

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D. JEAN PAUL SARTRE :
INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM
NICOLJEN MANGUBAT
 The human person is the desire to be
God: the desire to exist as being
which has it’s sufficient ground in
itself.
 There are no guidepost along the
road of life.
 Human beings are the creator of
their destiny.
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Sartre’s existentialism stems from this principle:

The person is nothing but that what he makes

of himself.

The person is provided with a supreme

opportunity to give meaning of one’s life.

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Freedom is the very core and the door to authentic
existence which is realized only in deeds that are
committed alone, in absolute freedom and
responsibility in which, therefore, the character of
true creation.

The person is what one has done and is doing.

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On the other hand, the human person who
tries to escape obligations and strives to be
an en-soi (i.e., excuses, such as “I was born
this way” or “I grew up in a bad
environment’’) is acting on bad faith .

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E. THOMAS HOBBES
ARABELLA AGUADO & JASMIN AUDRI BAGUNAS
Theory of Social Contract

Law of Nature (les naturalis) a

percept or general rule by which a
person is forbidden to do which is
destructive to his life or takes away
the means of preserving the same.

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 LAWS OF NATURE
WE MUTUALLY
WE SHOULD DIVEST
SEEK PEACE OURSELVES OF
CERTAIN RIGHTS

HUMAN BEINGS
PERFORM THEIR
COVENANT
MADE 34
 Mutual transferring of rights is called contract.
 Human beings seek self-preservation and
security yet unable to attend to attain this end
in condition of war.
 Hobbes made a distinction between a common
wealth by institution and acquisition.

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A commonwealth is said to exist by institution
when it has been established through the covenant
of every member of a multitude with every other
member. The multitude of huan beings subjects
themselves to a chosen sovereign from fear of one
another.

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.
A commonwealth is said to exist by acquisition
when the sovereign power has been acquired by
force. Here, human beings fear for death or bonds
of that human being who holds power over their
lives and liberty.reservation and security yet
unable to attend to attain this end in condition of
war. 37
F. JEAN JACQUES
ROUSSEAU
RHAINE BERYL MATULAC
Jean Jacques Rousseau
• He is one of the most famous and
influential Philosophers of the
French Enlightenment in the 18th
century.
• Author of the book The Social
Contract that elaborated the theory
of human nature.
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EDSA
REVOLUTION

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• He believes that human is born free and
good and had become bad due to the evil
influence of society, civilization,
learning, and progress.

• In order to restore peace, bring his

freedom back, and as he returned t his
true self, he saw the necessity and came
through the social contract.
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The term ‘Social Contract’ is a
philosophical fiction, a metaphor, and a
certain way of looking at a society of
voluntary collection of agreeable
individuals.

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Hobbes and Rousseau

“
Political Freedom
Sovereign/Ruler
(State)

Freedom
(General will or
mutual
transferring of
rights)

Citizens
(Individual
Rights)
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EVALUATE AND
EXERCISE
PRUDENCE IN
CHOICES
DIGNA RUE GORRICETA & ADY MARIE MANDADO
 For B.F. Skinner, the environment selects
which is similar with natural selection. We
must take into account what the environment
dies to an organism, but also after it responds.
Skinner maintains that behavior is shaped and
maintained by it’s consequences-behaviors that
operate upon the environment to produce
consequences.

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 Yelon (1996) accepted the behavioral
psychology is at fault for having overanalyzed
the words “reward” and “punishment”.
 John Stuart’s “liberty consists of one desires”.
Skinner states that when a person wants
something, he acts to get it when the occasion
arises.

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 Life is full of paradoxes; nobody could nor
control it
 In the spirituality of imperfection, we learn to
accept that life, our environment, is both evil and
good
 Indeed the Theory of Freedom has negative and
positive tasks

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“
SHOW SITUATIONS THAT
DEMONSTRATES FREEDOM
OF CHOICE AND THE
CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR
CHOICES
ARABELLA FATIMA TEJWANI & MAUI FRANZ VILLARAIZ

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 According to Rand, Individual Freedom
should be aligned to Economic Freedom,
wherein Filipino “sakop” can be a helping
value to the full development of the Filipino
of it opens up to embrace the whole
Philippine society
 Leader with “kagandahang loob” is not
passive but actively plays a role in economic
development
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 Individualism promotes (kasarinlan), (self
sufficiency) will minimize influence in
individuals
 Kasarinlan promotes entrepreneurship, which
minimize foreign control of Philippines
 Education – giving importance to traditional
student and in the promulgation of the concept of
individuals, education should not shape the
student’s mind to be passive
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 Individualism – not tied with social
responsibility, not “tayo-tayo” or “kami-kami”
 Filipinos self rooted in “loob” from which it
springs person’s authenticity
 Individualism – “kalooban” not “pakitang tao”

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THANK YOU!