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UN Command & Control

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LTC (retd) Jarmo Sinkkonen, FIN A SWEDINT
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Agenda
• Learning Objectives
• ”Playground”
• Benefits and challenges of UN Missions
• Multidimensional and intgreated Mission
• Levels of C2
• Terms and Definions

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Learning Objectives

• Understand the Command and

Control arrangements in a UN
mission.
• Be familiar with the UN military
component authority, command and
control structure and relations

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”Playground”

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20 39 9
50+ 31 22 30 11 Nations Nations Nations
Nations Nations Nations Nations Nations

55 58 35 95+ 31 30+
Nations Nations Nations Nations Nations Nations

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BENEFITS OF UN
• 193 Nations
• Greater resources
• Synergy of effort
• Greater flexibility
• Moral & diplomatic
support

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CHALLENGES FOR UN
• Training Standards are different
• Language/Culture
• Officer and enlisted relations
• Religious practices
• Command and Control
arrangements
• National Policies

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Multidimensional & Integrated Mission

• Multidimensional Mission comprising

military, police and civilian components
working together in one mission.

• Integrated Mission: UN Agencies, Funds

& Programmes and UN Peacekeeping
Mission

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Multidimensional Integrated Mission UN Authority

UN OPCON
SRSG
SRSG Tasking
Coordination
DSRSG
DSRSG
DSRSG
DSRSG RC/HC
RC/HC

JMAC Chief
Chiefofof
JMAC Staff / Chief DMS UNDP OCHA
JOC
JOC
Staff / Chief
Cabinet
DMS UNDP OCHA
Cabinet
POLITICAL
POLITICAL LEGAL
LEGAL
DDR
DDR ADV
ADV ADV
ADV Chief
ChiefServices
Services
UNICEF
Rule Delivery
Delivery UNHCR
Press/
Press/ Human
Human Ruleof
of
Public
PublicInfo
Info Rights
Rights Law
Law OHCHR
Police Force WFP
Police CMO Force Logistic
Commissioner CMO Commander Logistic WHO
Commissioner Commander Support
SupportCells
Cells
Nat Org
Police
Police Formed
Formed
advisers Police NGO
NGO
advisers PoliceUnits
Units Sector
Sector Force
ForceSupport
Support
Commanders
Commanders Elements
Elements
Team
Team Sector
Senior
Team
Team Sector
Senior
Sector
Team M.O.
M.O.
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Command and Control

The exercise of authority and direction by a

designated commander over assigned forces in
accomplishment of mission.
Command and Control functions are performed:
• by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and
controlling forces in the accomplishment of the mission
• through an arrangement of personnel, equipment,
communications, facilities, and procedures employed.

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Key Terms and Definitions

• United Nations Operational Authority (OPA)

• United Nations Operational Control (OPCON)
• United Nations Tactical Command/Control
(TACOM/TACON)
• Administrative Control (ADCON)
• Tasking Authority (TA)

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TERMS and DEFINITIONS

United Nations Operational Authority (OPA)

The authority transferred by the nations to the UN to use

the operational capabilities of their national military or police
units/personnel to undertake mandated missions and tasks.

• A Specific mandate
• An agreed period of time
• Specific geographic area

Does not include responsibility for certain personnel matters of individual

member (pay, allowance, promotions, discipline)

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1 Ref. Memorandum of Understanding A/61/19 part III
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TERMS and DEFINITIONS

Transfer of Authority - operational authority

When TCCs units, contingents or UNMO

come under the control of a UN
designated commander – under an
operational authority

Happens when uniformed personnel

arrive to mission area (or before
deployment).

TCC negotiate with UN HQ (New York) 1

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1 Ref. Memorandum of Understanding A/61/19 part III
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TERMS and DEFINITIONS

UN Operational Control (OPCON) - Military

The authority granted to a Military Commander (HOMC) to

direct forces assigned.
• To accomplish specific missions or tasks which are usually
limited by function, time, or location.
• Retain or assign Tactical Command or Control
• Authority to assign separate tasks to sub units of a
contingent, as the operational necessities require, within the
mission area of responsibility. (in consultation with the
Contingent Commander and as approved by the UNHQ.)

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TERMS and DEFINITIONS

UN Operational Control (OPCON) - Police

The Head of Police Component (HOPC) exercises operational

control over personnel of the police component of PKO.
To assign separate tasks to all individual personnel, unints and
sub-units within the police component in AOR.
The HOPC may delegate such responsibility to the appropriate
subordinate levels.

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TERMS and DEFINITIONS

United Nations Tactical Command (TACOM)

Commader’s authority to assign tasks to forces

under their command for the accomplishment of
the mission assigned by higher authority.

United Nations Tactical Control (TACON)

Detailed and local direction and control of

movement, or maneuver, necessary to
accomplish missions or tasks assigned. 1

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TERMS and DEFINITIONS

Administrative Control (ADCON)

The authority over subordinate or other

organizations within national contingents for
administrative matters such as personnel
management, supply, services and other
non-operational missions of the subordinate
or other organizations. Administrative
Control is a national responsibility given to
the National Contingent Commander (NCC)
in peacekeeping operations.

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TERMS and DEFINITIONS

Tasking Authority (TA)

The authority vested in specified senior appointments

(HOMC, HOPC, DMS/CMS) to assign tasks to Enabling
Units.

Tasking Authority includes the authority to deploy,

redeploy and employ all part of an enabling unit to
achieve the mission´s mandate.

Tasking authority over military or police personnel/ units,

when exercised by civilians is applicable for their
routine, day to day employment and does not include
tactical control of military/police resources. 1

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1 Ref. Memorandum of Understanding A/61/19 part III
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1 Ref. Memorandum of Understanding A/61/19 part III
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TERMS and DEFINITIONS

Tasking Authority (TA)

The authority vested in specified senior appointments

(HOMC, HOPC, DMS/CMS) to assign tasks to Enabling
Units.

Tasking Authority includes the authority to deploy,

redeploy and employ all part of an enabling unit to
achieve the mission´s mandate.

Tasking authority over military or police personnel/ units,

when exercised by civilians is applicable for their
routine, day to day employment and does not include
tactical control of military/police resources. 1

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1 Ref. Memorandum of Understanding A/61/19 part III
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Multidimensional Integrated Mission UN Authority

UN OPCON
SRSG
SRSG Tasking
Coordination
DSRSG
DSRSG
DSRSG
DSRSG RC/HC
RC/HC

JMAC Chief
Chiefofof
JMAC Staff / Chief DMS UNDP OCHA
JOC
JOC
Staff / Chief
Cabinet
DMS UNDP OCHA
Cabinet
POLITICAL
POLITICAL LEGAL
LEGAL
DDR
DDR ADV
ADV ADV
ADV Chief
ChiefServices
Services
UNICEF
Rule Delivery
Delivery UNHCR
Press/
Press/ Human
Human Ruleof
of
Public
PublicInfo
Info Rights
Rights Law
Law OHCHR
Police Force WFP
Police CMO Force Logistic
Commissioner CMO Commander Logistic WHO
Commissioner Commander Support
SupportCells
Cells
Nat Org
Police
Police Formed
Formed
advisers Police NGO
NGO
advisers PoliceUnits
Units Sector
Sector Force
ForceSupport
Support
Commanders
Commanders Elements
Elements
Team
Team Sector
Senior
Team
Team Sector
Senior
Sector
Team M.O.
M.O.
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Key to Success
To execute a successful command and control, the
commander and his staff must understand
o r d i n a t e s
and know
y ou
national contingents’ r s u b
capabilities, personnel and
o w
Kn habits, training backgrounds, relevant
professional
national characteristics and national caveats.
The commander Mmust
IL clearly articulate mission’s intent,
actionfirmly
understand desired end-state,
accordand implements m establish appropriate
ustprocedures
rules of engagement, ance w be in that
ithcomponent
ensure unity of effort within military o t and
her mission
UN with
synchronize military effort efforts
efforts of other
components to accomplish desired-end state!

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REFERENCES
Main references:
•DPKO DFS Policy Authority, Command and Control in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
(15 Feb. 2008, Review 1 March 2009)

Related Directives and references:

•DPKO Policy Ref. DPKO/PD/2006/00060, Functions and Organization of Formed Police Units in
United Nations Peace Operations (9 November 2006).
•DPKO, Guidelines for the development of Command Directives for the Force Commander and the
Chief Military Observer in UN Peacekeeping Operations, (October 2001)
•DPKO Policy Directive on JOC and JMAC (1 July 2006).
•Integrated Mission Planning Process (IMPP) Guidelines (17 July 2006).
•SRSG Standard Directives (1998).
•Report of the Secretary-General on the Strengthened and Unified Security Management System
for the United Nations (A/61/531).

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Questions

BOGALAN
D

UNMIB

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