Gravimetric

Kelompok 4
– JULIA
– GAYUH
– LABIEB
– RIDWAN DANI HIBATULLAH 035
– RIMA
 – Gravimetric analysis is characterized by the fact that the measurement of
weight is the primary measurement, usually the only measurement made on
the sample, its components, and/or its reaction products.

WET CHEMICAL GRAVIMETRIC

METHODS

ANALITICAL CHEMISTRY

INSTRUMENTAL
METHODS
WEIGHT VS MASS

– Mass is the “quantity” or “amount” of a substance being measured.

– Weight is a measure of the earth’s gravitational force exerted on a quantity of
matter.
– In other words, we can measure the quantity of a substance (mass) by
measuring the earth’s gravitational effect on it (weight).
– Weighing devices are calibrated in grams, which is defined as the basic unit of
mass in the metric system. Technically, however, analytical quantities are mass
quantities and not weight quantities.
THE BALANCE

– The laboratory instrument built for measuring weight is called the balance. The
name is derived from obsolete mechanical devices that utilized known weights
to “balance” the object to be weighed across a fulcrum like a teeter-totter.
 THE DESICATOR

– desiccator is a storage container used either to dry samples, or, more commonly, to keep
samples and other materials dry and protected from the laboratory environment once
they have been dried by other means.
– A quantity of water-absorbing material, called the desiccant, is placed in the bottom of
the container. The desiccant will absorb all the moisture inside the sealed vessel, thus
providing a dry environment. A good commercial desiccant is called Drierite™ (anhydrous
CaSO4).
– This substance can be purchased in the “indicating” form, in which case a color change
(from blue to pink) will be observed when the material is saturated with moisture and can
no longer function. When a desiccant is saturated, it must be replaced. Drierite can be
recharged by heating in a vacuum oven.
WHEN TO USE WHICH BALANCE

– First, an analytical balance should not be used if it is not necessary

to have the number of significant figures that this balance
provides.
– Second, if the results of a quantitative analysis are to be reported
to three or more significant figures, then weight measurements
that enter directly into the calculation of the results should be
made on an analytical balance so that the results of the analysis
can be correctly reported after the calculation is performed.
WHEN TO USE WHICH BALANCE

– Third, if a weight is only incidental to the overall result of an

accurate quantitative analysis, then it need not be made on an
analytical balance.
– Fourth, if a weight measurement does directly affect the numerical
result of an accurate quantitative analysis (in a way other than
entering directly into the calculation of the results, which is the
second case mentioned above), then it must be performed on an
analytical balance.
chemical Alteration/Separation of
the Analyte
– The physical separation of an analyte from a sample so that its weight can be
measured, which the above examples typify, can be difficult, if not impossible,
to accomplish.
– However, a gravimetric procedure might still be used if a chemical reaction is
employed to convert the analyte to another chemical form that is both able to
be separated cleanly and able to be weighed accurately.
– Example :
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 (↓) + NaCl
NaCl + BaCl2 → no reaction

The weight of the precipitate after filtering and drying can then be measured
free of any influence from the NaCl and converted back to the weight of the
analyte with the use of a gravimetric factor and its percent in the sample
calculated.