Energy Technology (15CH833) Energy Technology (15CH833) : DR Sayanasri Varala Assoc. Professor Chemical Engineering

An Autonomous Institute
Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi,

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,
Recognised by UGC with 2(f) &
12 ( B)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC
Energy Technology
(15CH833)
Dr Sayanasri Varala
Assoc. Professor
Chemical Engineering
1
Module 5
CONVENTIONAL FUELS
Introduction. Classification of solid liquid gaseous fuels.

Calorific value. Characteristics of good fuels. Processing of
fuels Comparison between solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Fuel
Burners.
An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved By AICTE, New Delhi, Recognized by UGC
with 2(f) & 12(B) status, Accredited By NBA and NAAC.
2
CONVENTIONAL FUELS
•Conventional energy sources come primarily from fossil
fuels. These are organic compounds created by the remains
of plants and animals whose organic "biomass," over time,
creates substances we know as coal, natural gas and
petroleum. These fuels are used in manufacturing and
transportation and support the electrical and power systems
of homes and businesses.
3
•Oil is perhaps one of the most common and conventional
sources of fossil-fuel energy production. It keeps the
nation's transportation systems moving -- through the
production of gasoline, diesel and aviation fuel -- and the
cost effectiveness of these fuels is a critical element of
small-business operations.
•Coal is a biofuel that serves as an effective heat-energy
source, and it is used in electricity generation and as fuel
for power plants.
•Natural gas is growing in popularity as a conventional
energy
4
Fossil Fuels
Clean coal technologies imply much greater processing to reduce
final emissions.
The resources deplete with use, so the prices will increase when
demand chases supply.
Hydropower
The larger hydropower dams are in place. Some want them
removed, claiming that the electricity can be offset by improved
efficiency and conservation.
Smaller dams are being removed, yet they may be installed in
other locations.
5
Nuclear
Nuclear energy has a social problem, and only now are new
plants being considered. Without reprocessing "spent fuel",
the time to peak ore extraction is about 80 years.
Geothermal
Geothermal energy is possible in non-geyser areas where air
conditioning and heating can make use of the ground heat
flux.
6
Definition of a fuel
• The fuel is a material which when once raised to its ignition
temperature continues to burn if sufficient oxygen or air is
available.
• The principle constituents of any fuel are carbon and
hydrogen.
• Fuels may be solid, liquid or gaseous. They may be natural
or artificially prepared.
7
Classification of Solid, liquid
and gaseous fuels
Wood
Charcoal
Peat
Solid fuels Coal
Coke
Briquetted coal
Pulverised fuel
Petroleum
Liquid Fuels
Hydrocarbons
Blast furnace gas
Coke oven gas
Gaseous fuel Water gas
Producer gas
Natural
An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, gasBy AICTE, New Delhi, Recognized by UGC
Approved
8
SOLID FUELS
9
1. Wood: Except in industries in which a large amount of
waste wood is available, this material is not generally
considered as a commercial fuel. The heat value of
wood varies both with kind of wood and with the
water content.
2. Charcoal: It is prepared by the dry distillation of
wood. The process is generally carried on in retorts so
that the by-products resulting from distillation are
recovered. The by-products are methyl alcohol, acetic
acid, acetone, gaseous compounds and tar.
1
Charcoal is an excellent metallurgical fuel on account of the
total absence of sulphur. But it is costly. It has the property of
absorbing 12% to 15% moisture from atmosphere which
lowers its heating value.
3. Peat: It is a mixture of water and decayed vegetable
matter. When air is dry then it varies greatly in its physical
aspect. It burns fully without smoke or soot formation. It is
used as fuel in gas producer plant. Peat was used on Swedish
state railways for generating steam.
1
4. Coal: This includes all types of natural solid fuels from
lignite to anthracite.
1
5. Coke:
It is the result of the destructive distillation of certain soft
coals in closed retorts. Two methods are in use today in
making metallurgical coke, the old type beehive oven and the
other is the byproduct of oven. In these methods coke is the
main product and in the by-product coke oven gas is the by-
product.
1
Coking is done at two distinct temperature levels
called high temperature carbonization and low
temperature carbonization. The former is the standard
method for metallurgical coke temperatures from
1000°C to 1200°C are reached. Low temperature
carbonization ranges from 550° to 750°C and its primary
function is to produce a smokeless fuel from soft coals
and the coke made is relatively weak.
1
6. Briquetted Coal: Small coal and slack of all types produced
in mining are made available as fuel by briquetting of the
dried coal by pressure alone. This type of coal gives
satisfactory strong briquettes without the addition of a
binder.
7. Pulverised Fuel: Low grade fuel is efficiently burnt by
pulverising it. This method has many advantages such as
flexibility of control, complete combustion with less excess
air and high temperature of flame and the nature of the flame
(oxidising or reducing) is easily controlled.
1

Energy Technology (15CH833) Energy Technology (15CH833) : DR Sayanasri Varala Assoc. Professor Chemical Engineering

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Energy Technology (15CH833) Energy Technology (15CH833) : DR Sayanasri Varala Assoc. Professor Chemical Engineering

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

An Autonomous Institute

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi,

Introduction. Classification of solid liquid gaseous fuels.

You might also like