THE PARTHENON

447 - 438/432 BC
PERICLES

GOVERNOR OF ATHENIAN SUPREMACY IN GREECE

ATHENS
CLASSICAL ORDERS
DORIC ORDER IN THE PARTHENON: COLUMNS

SIMPLE, GEOMETRIC CAPITEL

FLUTED DRUM, SLIGHT

ENTASIS

NO BASE
DORIC ORDER IN THE PARTHENON: ENTABLATURE

PEDIMENT

METOPE

TRIGLYPH

SIMPLE ARCHITRAVE
PARTHENON METOPES

CENTAUROMACHY

AMAZONOMACHY TROJAN WAR GIGANTOMACHY

PARTHENON PEDIMENTS

COMPETITION BETWEEN POSEIDON AND ATHENA OVER PATRONAGE OF ATHENS

BIRTH OF ATHENA
PROPORTION

•The Greeks implemented some of the

mathematical proportions in the construction of
their structures that are known as golden
proportions.

•They calculated perspective, the optical illusions

that make the edges of objects appear concave.

•The line of sight towards the top is longer,

therefore it makes that part appear tilted back.
ORIENTATION

● Many of the temples are known to face east. But

some have also been found to be located to the
west, north and south.

● Its basis was the rising sun since it was related to the
divinity of the gods. This helped to prioritize the spaces
depending on how much sunlight reached the areas

● Depended on what kind of function the temple was

going to have and what deity this temple would be
dedicated to.
MATERIALS
Marble was widely used in
Greece for its softness and
durability

Limestone was also a widely

used material for its
durability
PENTELIC MARBLE
TYPOLOGY
Temple

● It was considered the home of a God, whose effigy

resides inside of it (accessible only to priests).
● Isolated place which is accessed through monumental
doors (Propylaea).
● They used to be built where an older temple used to be.
● Function: Symbol of state religion (polis).
● Structure: Rectangular plant.
● Interior divided into three rooms:
○ Pronaos: first stay, as a lobby.
○ Os Naos: main room where the statue of
divinity was located.
○ Isto Opistodomos: rear room, serves as a
portico or warehouse.
● A circular plant appears later (Tholos of Apollo in
Delphi).
 Teather
● The theater of Epidaurus is one of the wonders of Greek
architecture:
○ By the geometry of its lines.
○ For the perfect visibility of the scene.
○ For its amazing acoustics.
○ For its state of conservation.
CONCLUSION

•They influenced ancient Roman

architecture.

•The Renaissance was a rebirth of

Classical Greek and Roman ideas
and art..

•Influenced the Neo-Classical

movement.