Components of Landscape

Design
 Components of Landscape Design
1. Hardscape
2. Softscapes
 Components of Landscape Design
1. Hardscapes
The term “hardscapes” refer to all built/constructed elements of landscape.

These are permanent in nature.

Elements of Hardscape
Walkways Fountains
Pathways Water bodies
Driveways Wall, fence, etc.
Parking areas Benches
Paved plazas Trellis
Planters Gazebos
Walkways, Pathways
Walkways, Pathways
Walkways, Pathways
Walkways, Pathways
Walkways, Pathways
Walkways, Pathways
Walkways, Pathways – stepping stones
Walkways, Pathways – stepping stones
Driveways and Parking
Driveways and Parking
Driveways and Parking
Driveways and Parking
Driveways and Parking
Driveways and Parking
Driveways and Parking – Grass pavers
Paved plazas
Paved plazas
Paved plazas/ Patios
Paved plazas
Paved plazas
Paved plazas
Paved plazas
Paved plazas
Paving patterns
Paving patterns
Paving patterns
Paving patterns
Paving patterns
Trellis
Trellis
Trellis
Trellis
Trellis
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Water features
Feature walls
Feature walls
Feature walls
Feature walls
Feature walls
Feature walls
Feature walls
Sitting areas
Sitting areas
Sitting areas
Sitting areas
Sitting areas
Curb
• A vertical member separating two materials and at the same time retraining them.

• Anything that restrains or controls

• An enclosing framework or border

Cladding
• Cladding is the application of one material over another to provide skin or layer
intended to control the infiltration of weather elements, or for aesthetic purposes
Cladding
Coping
• a flat stone forming part of a coping.

• the highest stone in a building, wall, or structure.

• a finishing touch or crowning achievement.

Coping
Various materials used for Hardscape
Stone – Flagstone, cobblestone, Gravel, River stone
Flooring, cladding coping stepping stones, walls, retaining walls, ets.

Bricks – Paving, Walls

Concrete – Paving, walls, retaining walls, etc.

Wood – Decking, tresllis, feature element, etc.

Metal – Trellis, feature element

Softscapes
The term “softscape” refers to all the elements that have life, are growing and
changing.

It is the living, animated part of the garden.

Softcape features may be permanent, such as evergreen trees, shrubs, or they may be
temporary, such as with seasonal flowers, or perennial plants.

Elements of Softscape
Soil
Trees
Shrubs
Ground covers
Climbers and creepers
Herbs
Grass/turf/lawn
Small Size Trees
• Height varying from 3-6m.

• Suitable for planting in small scale gardens, private residences, etc.

• Can be used as ornamental/sculptures plant.

• Can be used for avenue plantation, roadside plantation

Plumeria obtusa (alba)/ Plumeria rubra
Evergreen with white fragrant flowers
Erythrina Indica – Coral Tree
Deciduous, Orange-red flowers, Flowering season – March-April
Manilkara zapota
Evergreen
Bauhinia purpurea
Semi – Deciduous, winter flowering
Medium/Large Size Trees
• Height varying from 6-9/10m and more.

• Suitable for planting in medium/large scale gardens.

• Can be used for avenue plantation, roadside plantation.

Azadirachta indica
Evergreen, flowering season – March-April
Tabebuia rosea
Deciduous, Pink flowers, Flowering season – February- March
Tabebuia argentea
Deciduous, Yellow flowers, Flowering season – February- March
Alstonia Scholaris
Evergreen, fragrant flowering – October-December
Mangifera indica
Evergreen, flowering – march, fruiting – march-may
Terminalia catappa
Deciduous
Peltophorum pterocarpum
Evergreen
Samanea saman/Albizia saman
Evergreen
Ficus bengalensis
Evergreen
Ficus religiosa
Deciduous
Shrubs
• Have varying height

• Paint/form patterns, colours on ground, are the ones that are visible at human eye
level

• Fillers

• Grow in full sun, full shade, semi-shade

Thevetia peruviana
Nerium oleander
Ceasalpinia pulcherima
Tecoma stance
Tecomaria capenses
Tabernamontana

Plumbago auriculata
Ixora coccinea
sansevieria trifasciata
Allamanda neriifolia
Vinca rosea
Stachytarpheta indica

Ixora chinensis
Tabernamontana dwarf
Duranta repens
Lantana camara
Creepers/Climbers
Quisqualis indica – Madhumalti, fragrant flowers
Jacquemontia pentantha
Petrea volubilis
Monstera deliciosa – shade loving
Ground covers
Wadelia Trilobata