Section 2.

More Graphs and Displays

1
 Other Graphs

Besides Histograms, there are other methods of

graphing quantitative data:

• Stem and Leaf Plots

• Dot Plots
• Time Series
 Stem and Leaf Plots

Represents data by separating each data value

into two parts: the stem (such as the leftmost
digit) and the leaf (such as the rightmost digit)

3
 Constructing Stem and Leaf Plots
• Split each data value at the same place value to form the stem and a leaf. (Want 5-20 stems).
• Arrange all possible stems vertically so there are no missing stems.
• Write each leaf to the right of its stem, in order.
• Create a key to recreate the data.
• Variations of stem plots:
1. Split stems
2. Back to back stem plots.

4
Constructing a Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Include a key to identify

the values of the data.

5
 Dot Plots
Dot plot
• Consists of a graph in which each data value is plotted
as a point along a scale of values

Figure 2-5
 Time Series
(Paired data)
Time Series
• Data set is composed of quantitative entries
taken at regular intervals over a period of time.
– e.g., The amount of precipitation measured each day
for one month.
• Use a time series chart to graph.

Quantitative
data time
7
 Time-Series Graph

Number of Screens at Drive-In Movies Theaters

Figure 2-8

Ex. www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/
 Graphing Qualitative Data Sets
Pie Chart
• A circle is divided into sectors
that represent categories.

Pareto Chart
• A vertical bar graph in which the height of each bar
represents frequency or relative frequency.

Frequency
Categories
9
 Constructing a Pie Chart
• Find the total sample size.
• Convert the frequencies to relative frequencies (percent).
Marital Status Frequency,f Relative frequency (%)
(in millions)
Never Married 55.3 55.3
 0.25 or 25%
219.7
Married 127.7 127.7

219.7
Widowed 13.9 13.9

219.7
Divorced 22.8 22.8

219.7
Total: 219.7 10
 Constructing Pareto Charts
• Create a bar for each category, where the height of
the bar can represent frequency or relative
frequency.
• The bars are often positioned in order of decreasing
height, with the tallest bar positioned at the left.

Figure 2-6