CHAPTER 1 : TASTING

AND EVALUATING WINE

 HOW WINE IS MADE

• HARVESTING --- SUGAR/ACID RATIO

• PRESSING TECHNIQUES -- RED, WHITE OR ROSE

• FERMENTATION

• MATURING

• TO BOTTLE
BOTTLE CORKS

This is the oldest type of wine cork. Natural cork was

choosing because it has a lot of good properties: it’s 
waterproof and elastic, has natural microporosity that allows
gas exchange. 

Comprised of both natural cork bark material and synthetic

parts making for a relatively dense cork composition. They
are typically on the cheaper side, and made primarily of
natural cork bark scraps, cork dust and glue. 
EVOLUTION OF THE WINE BOTTLES

AMPHORA

BOTTLE

STANDARD BOTTLE
 TASTING WINE

• RED WINES
TO INCREASE SURFACE
TO COLLECT ITS OWN AROMA

==> LARGER GLASSES

==> ROUND SHAPES
 TASTING WINE

• WHITE WINES
NOT TO BE WARMED UP

==> SMALL GLASSES

 TASTING WINE - MISTAKES!

• DO NOT FULL FILL THE GLASS…

• DO NOT SWALLOW IMMEDIATELY…
• TRY TO FEEL THE TASTE, SMELL AND SEE THE COLOR.
 TASTING WINE

WATCHING TASTING

SMELL
 wine tasting

TASTING NOTES

• OBSERVE WINE IN YOUR GLASS

• PROVIDE A PERSONAL RECORD OF
WINES TASTED
• ASSIST IN THE DESCRIPTION OF A
WINE TO OTHERS
• HELP ASSESS THE QUALITY OF WINE
• HELP MONITOR PROGRESS OF WINE
 wine tasting

IDEAL CONDITIONS

• NO DISTRACTING ODOURS

• GOOD NATURAL LIGHT

• CLEAN WHITE SURFACES

• A CLEAN PALATE

• CORRECTLY FILLED ISO GLASS

CONSUMPTION OF WINE IN
WORLD
• FRANCE, ITALY, PORTUGUESE
60 LITERS PER PERSON
• BELGIUM, GERMANY, AUSTRIA
20 LITERS PER PERSON
• TURKEY
1 LITER PER PERSON
 WINE REGIONS

• 50° TO 30°
• FRANCE
• ITALY - MEDITERRANEAN
• SPAIN - PORTUGUESE
• U.S.
• AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND
 SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL
RESPONSIBILITY

1. LEGAL AGE TO PURCHASE AND LEGAL DRINKING AGE

Legal minimums are set in most countries
Limits young peoples access to alcohol
The legal purchasing and drinking age are often different
 storage and service
SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL
RESPONSIBILITY

2. BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC)

Alcohol can impair the abilities of drivers and operators of
dangerous machinery
Most countries have legal limits
SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

3. SENSIBLE DRINKING GUIDELINES

Women should not exceed an average of 2 units a day
Men should not exceed an average of 3 units a day
Try not to exceed four units on any one occasion
Try to have one or two alcohol free days a week
Standard drinks
W.H.O. Guidelines a unit is 10-12ml of alcohol
 SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL
RESPONSIBILITY

4. THE RISK OF DRINKING TO DRUNKENNESS

An increased risk of injury
A greater risk of having unsafe sex
An increased risk of fights and arguments
Risk of alcohol poisoning, coma and brain damage
 SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL
RESPONSIBILITY

5. HEALTH RISKS OF EXCESS DRINKING

Alcohol dependence
Cirrhosis of the liver
Stomach disorders
Increased risk of certain types of cancer
Family and job related difficulties
 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PRICE

• SUPPLY & DEMAND

• MANNER OF PRODUCTION
SMALL, FAMILY OWNED PROPERTY VS. LARGE COMPANY
• REGION OF PRODUCTION
• COST OF LAND & LABOR
NAPA VALLEY VS. UP-AND-COMING REGION
• COST OF MATERIALS
AGING IN OAK BARRELS