MANAJEMEN ENERGI

Prof. Dr. Ir. Sukaria Sinulingga, M.Eng

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK USU

09/29/2020 1
 1. References

Barney, I., Capehart, Taylor and Francis,. (2007). Encyclopedia of

Energy Engineering and Technology, Seventh Edition, The
Fairmont Press, Atlanta, GA.
Doty, S. and Wayne C. T. 2012. Energy Management Handbook, Eight
Edition, The Fairmont Press, Inc
Thurmann, A. and Mahta A. P. 2004. Handbook of Energy Engineering,
Fifth Edition, The Fairmont Press, Atlanta GA
Thurmann, A. and William T. Y. 2002). Handbook of Energy Audit,
Seventh Edition, The Fairmont Press, Atlanta GA

09/29/2020 2
2. Objectives
To provide students with the basic theory of energy, primary
and secondary sources of energy, energy conversion and
energy conservation, the economic of energy and the
principles of energy audit.

3. Class Assessment
1. Class attendent : 20 %
2. Class participation : 20 %
3. Assignment : 20 %
4. Quiz : 10 %
5. Mid term exam : 10 %
6. Final exam : 20 %
Total 100 %
09/29/2020 3
 INTRODUCTION
◦ Definition
◦ The types of energy ◦ Area Problem of Energy

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK USU
09/29/2020 4
I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Definition
◦ What is energy ?
Energy is ability to do work. Energy comes in different forms :
▪ Heat called thermal energy
▪ Light called radiant energy
▪ Motion called kinetic energy
▪ Electrical energy
▪ Chemical energy
▪ Nuclear energy
▪ Gravitational energy

09/29/2020 5
 1.2 The Types of Energy
There are two type of energy sources stored (potential) energy and
working (kinetic ) energy
Example : Food a person eat contains chemical energy and person’s
body stores this energy until he uses it as kinetic energy
doing work.

1.2.1 Energy sources

Energy sources are divided into two groups viz renewable and non-
renewable source
▪ Renewable energy source (can be easily replenished)
- Solar energy from sun
- Geothermal energy from heat inside earth
- Wind energy
- Biomass from plant
09/29/2020 - Hydro power from flowing water 6
 ▪ Non-renewable energy source (can be easily replenished)
- Petroleum
- Hydrocarbon gas liquid Fossil fuel
- Natural gas
- Coal
- Nuclear energy (produced from uranium whose atoms are
split through a process called nuclear
fission to create heat and electricity

09/29/2020 7
 People use energy every day for various kinds of activities such
transportation, cooking, heating, cooling room, manu-facturing,
lighting and entertainment. There are various choices people
make about how they use energy .

In developed countries such as USA the main source of energy

(90 %) used by business and the society is non-renewable
source :

- Petroleum 37 %
- Natural gas 29 %
- Coal 15 %
- Nuclear energy 9 %
- Hydrocarbon 7%

09/29/2020 8
 The use of renewable energy sources among other are :

- Solar energy 0.60 %

- Hydropower 2.40 %
- Wind energy 2.10 %
- Biomass 0.50 %, bio fuel 2.25 %, waste 1.90 %
- Geothermal 0.25 %

09/29/2020 9
 1.2.2 Primary vs Secondary Energy Sources
Renewable or non-renewable energy source can be used as
primary source to produce useful energy such as heat or used
to produce secondary energy such as electricity

▪ Primary energy
A form of one of earth natural energy resource (crude oil,
natural gas, solar radiation, uranium, coal, wood etc)

▪ Secondary energy
Energy that has been converted from primary energy to one
form of energy more suitable for intermediate or end use
(electricity, gasoline, steam, cokas etc).

09/29/2020 10
 1.3 Area Problem of Energy
◦ Since the last decade of 1970,s, conventional source of energy had
become so expensive that people have to learn entirely new
methods for obtaining and using energy

▪ Nothing can be done to return to the former times of plentiful,

cheap energy
▪ The price and availability of energy now and in the future will
be fundamentally different (higher) from what it has in the past

◦ Virtually, most of the present commercial and industrial facilities

were designed to run on low-cost and abundant energy that one
could afford to use inefficiency.

09/29/2020 11
 1.4 Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation
◦ Energy efficiency : Using technology that requires less energy to
perform the same function

e.g : 1) Using a compact fluorescent light bulb that requires

less energy instead of using an incandescent bulb to
produce the same amount of light.
2)

09/29/2020 12
 ◦ Energy conservation
Any behaviour that results in the use of less energy.
e.g : ▪ Turning off light when leaving the room is a kind of
energy conservation.
▪ Run the machine at optimum capacity
▪ Runs the vehicle at its optimum speed

MES = Minimum Efficient

Fuel consumption

MES Scale
(miles/gallon)

Speed (miles/km)

09/29/2020 13
 ◦ The potential for saving energy with cost-effective measures is more
than sufficient to enable many nations to become energy
independent .
▪ Cost-effective measure: Return the investment with interest
within few years from saving

◦ The potential for energy efficiency with the existing technology is an

enormous energy resource and it has a minimum of undesirable
side effect. Since saving energy has its own reward –that of
lowering operating costs- why is progress is slow?

09/29/2020 14
 1.5 Energy Management
◦ Good energy management is founded upon 3 points:
1) Understanding of how energy is used
2) Knowledege of how to make improvement through
efficiency and conservation
3) Specific goals for achievement

09/29/2020 15
09/29/2020 16