Kongenital dan Tumor pada Sistem

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Kidney cancer is cancer that begins in the kidneys. Kidneys are two bean-shaped
organs, each about the size of your fist. They're located behind your abdominal
organs, with one kidney on each side of your spine.

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney

cancer. Other less common types of kidney cancer can occur.
Young children are more likely to develop a kind of kidney
cancer called Wilms' tumor.
Kidney cancer process
Kidney cancer begins
Kidney cancer begins
when some kidney cells
when some kidney cells
develop changes
develop changes
(mutations) in their DNA.
(mutations) in their DNA.
A cell's DNA contains
A cell's DNA contains
the instructions that tell
the instructions that tell
a cell what to do. The
a cell what to do. The
changes tell the cells to
changes tell the cells to
grow and divide rapidly.
grow and divide rapidly.
The accumulating
The accumulating
abnormal cells form a
abnormal cells form a
tumor that can extend
tumor that can extend
beyond the kidney.
beyond the kidney.
Some cells can break off
Some cells can break off
and spread
and spread
(metastasize) to distant
(metastasize) to distant
parts of the body.
parts of the body.
 Risk Factors
Older age. Your risk of kidney cancer increases as you age.
Older age. Your risk
Smoking. Smokers of kidney
have cancer
a greater risk increases as you than
of kidney cancer age. nonsmokers do. The risk decreases after you
Smoking. Smokers have a greater risk of kidney cancer than nonsmokers do. The risk decreases after you
quit.
quit.
Obesity. People who are obese have a higher risk of kidney cancer than people who are considered to have a
Obesity. People
healthy weight. who are obese have a higher risk of kidney cancer than people who are considered to have a
healthy
High weight.
blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure increases your risk of kidney cancer.
Treatment forpressure
High blood (hypertension). High
kidney failure. People bloodlong-term
who receive pressuredialysis
increases your chronic
to treat risk of kidney
kidneycancer.
failure have a
Treatment for kidney failure. People
greater risk of developing kidney cancer. who receive long-term dialysis to treat chronic kidney failure have a
greaterinherited
Certain risk of developing kidney cancer.
syndromes. People who are born with certain inherited syndromes may have an increased
Certain inherited syndromes. People
risk of kidney cancer, such as those who have who arevonborn with certaindisease,
Hippel-Lindau inherited syndromes may
Birt-Hogg-Dube have an increased
syndrome, tuberous
risk of kidney
sclerosis cancer,
complex, such as
hereditary those who
papillary renalhave
cell von Hippel-Lindau
carcinoma disease,
or familial Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, tuberous
renal cancer.
sclerosis
Family complex,
history hereditary
of kidney papillaryrisk
cancer. The renal
of cell carcinoma
kidney orhigher
cancer is familialif renal
close cancer.
family members have had the
Family
disease. history of kidney cancer. The risk of kidney cancer is higher if close family members have had the
disease.
 Congenital Kidney Disease
 Congenital diseases of the kidney are renal conditions with which a child is born. These
conditions are passed down through genetics.
 Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is a group of abnormalities affecting
the kidneys or other structures of the urinary tract. The additional parts of the urinary tract that
may be affected include the bladder, the tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the bladder
(the ureters), and the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body (the urethra).
CAKUT results from abnormal development of the urinary system and is present from birth
(congenital), although the abnormality may not become apparent until later in life.
 Some of the most prevalent congenital diseases of the kidney include:

••Polycystic
Polycystic kidney
kidney disease
disease (PKD). PKD
(PKD). PKD is is aa genetic
genetic condition
condition inin which
which multiple
multiple cysts
cysts (abnormal
(abnormal
sacs containing
sacs containing fluid)
fluid) grow
grow in
in the
the kidneys.
kidneys. IfIf not
not properly
properly treated
treated and
and managed,
managed, PKD PKD can
can leadlead to
to
kidney failure.
kidney failure. There
There areare two
two types
types ofof PKD:
PKD:
•• Autosomal
Autosomal dominant
dominant polycystic
polycystic kidney
kidney disease
disease (ADPKD). Representing
(ADPKD). Representing about about 90 90
percent of
percent of all
all PKD
PKD cases,
cases, symptoms
symptoms of of ADPKD
ADPKD typically
typically present
present between
between the the ages
ages of of 30
30
and 40.
and 40. However,
However, somesome patients
patients do
do develop
develop symptoms
symptoms as as children.
children.
•• Autosomal
Autosomal recessive
recessive polycystic
polycystic kidney
kidney disease
disease (ARPKD). ARPKD
(ARPKD). ARPKD is is the
the more
more rarerare
form of
form of PKD.
PKD. Symptoms
Symptoms of of this
this condition
condition begin
begin very
very early
early in
in life,
life, even
even while
while still
still in
in the
the
womb.
womb.
••Unilateral
Unilateral renal
renal agenesis
agenesis (URA). In
(URA). In this
this condition,
condition, oneone of
of the
the kidneys
kidneys failsfails to
to develop
develop in in utero.
utero.
Most individuals
Most individuals with
with unilateral
unilateral renal
renal agenesis
agenesis live live healthy,
healthy, normal
normal lives
lives with
with little
little complications.
complications.
••Bilateral
Bilateral renal
renal agenesis
agenesis (BRA). In
(BRA). In this
this condition,
condition, bothboth kidneys
kidneys fail
fail to
to develop
develop in in utero.
utero.
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