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Unit 9 - Relative Clauses
Unit 9 - Relative Clauses
Used to give essential information about a Used to give extra, non-essential information
The relative
noun, necessary to fully understand the between or after commas.
clause in this
example is sentence.
$100 $150 $200 $100 $150 $200 Relative clauses,
necessary.
for example
The girl
She’s the girl
didn’t buy
who I work
the cheapest
with, give more
phone
I bought this one! I bought this one! information
(because it
about a noun in
had a white
a sentence.
case), but
I bought the cheapest phone which had a I bought the cheapest phone, which had a There are two
she bought
black case. black case. types: defining
the cheapest
and non-
of the two
pronoun to describe... defining.
with black
cases. Which/that Things
The relative clause here gives Relative clauses have Where Places
extra information – it’s not different relative
necessary to understand which pronouns depending Why Reasons
phone the girl bought (simply, on the noun being When Times
the cheapest one). described. Look…
Who/whom People Form: Defining
Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition B2 relative clauses
Whose Possessions
Form: defining relative clauses
Who is the man you He’s my old teacher that is a
were talking to? good friend of my parents.
5. In formal situations, we can put the preposition before the relative pronoun. If the relative pronoun refers
to a person, however, we must use whom, not who.
Oh yes! I remember. He’s the friend that Who is the man to whom you
your father went to university with. were talking?
Form: Non-defining
Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition B2 relative clauses
Form: non-defining relative clauses
1. Non-defining relative clauses come between or after a comma.
2. You cannot use the relative pronoun that in non-defining relative clauses nor can you omit the pronouns.
With non-defining
relative clauses, it’s
important to consider
the following... Reduced relative
clauses
Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition B2
reduced relative clauses
The woman working I know. Her new
in the office next to assistant hired last
mine is French. week is from Paris too.
who was
who works
Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition B2
reduced relative clauses
Reduced relative clauses have the same meaning as a full relative clause, but are more concise.
Present participle in the active voice Past participle in the passive voice
Full relative clause Full relative clause
The woman who works in the office Her new assistant who was hired last
next to mine is French. week is from Paris too.
Reduced relative clause Reduced relative clause
The woman working in the office I know. Her new assistant hired One way to create a
next to mine is French. last week is from Paris too. reduced relative clause is
by omitting words and
replacing them with a
1. With certain active verbs and in 1. Past participles can be used to present or past participle.
various tenses (not just the present reduce relative clauses in many
simple), we can use a present tenses.
participle to reduce a relative clause.
2. We omit the auxiliary verb (which
2. In a reduced relative clause, we omit always includes the verb to be in the
the relative pronoun (e.g. who, passive voice) to create a reduced
which) and any auxiliary verb, then relative clause in the passive voice.
replace the main verb with the Let’s practise!
participle.
Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition B2
Practice activities
Join the two sentences using relative clauses. When you can, omit the relative pronouns.
Remember to put the non-defining relative clauses between or after a comma.