Earthquake Resistant Building

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE
• A SUDDEN VIOLENT SHAKING OF THE GROUND, TYPICALLY CAUSING GREAT DESTRUCTION, AS
A RESULT OF MOVEMENTS WITHIN THE EARTH'S CRUST OR VOLCANIC ACTION.
• THERE ARE NATURAL DISASTER OF A GENERALLY UNPREDICTABLE NATURE .
• IT IS THE SHAKING OF EARTH DUE TO THE MOVEMENT OF EARTH’S CRUST .

TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE
- INTER PLATE EARTHQUAKE
- INTRA PLATE EARTHQUAKE
IN BOTH TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE , AT FAULT STRIKE SLIP (HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT) & DIP SLIP
(VERTICAL MOVEMENT).

HOW EARTHQUAKE OCCURS

• BECAUSE OF EARTH’S ROTATION AND OTHER ENERGY FACTORS DIFFERENT SHELLS OR THE
ROCK LAYERS CONSTANTLY MOVE OR SLID PAST EACH OTHER.
• DIFFERENT CONTINENTAL MASS FRAGMENTS OF LESSER DENSITIES FLOAT AND MOVE
OVERRIDING THE DENSER ROCK LAYER THIS CAUSE EARTHQUAKE

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 SOURCES OF EARTHQUAKE
• TECTONIC PLATES
• VOLCANIC ERUPTION
• NUCLEAR EXPLOSION

TECHNIQUES TO RESIST EARTHQUAKE

• ACTIVE & PASSIVE SYSTEM
• SHEAR WALLS
• BRACING
• DAMPERS
• ROLLERS
• ISOLATION
• LIGHT WEIGHT MATERIAL
• BANDS
• OTHERS

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 1. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SYSTEM
• ACTIVE SYSTEM • PASSIVE SYSTEM
ACTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS ARE DEVICES PASSIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS ARE
INTEGRATED WITH REAL-TIME CONVENTIONAL DEVICES TO RESIST OR
PROCESSING EVALUATORS FOR ABSORB THE ENERGY PRODUCED
IMPROVED SERVICE AND SAFETY. DURING EARTHQUAKE.
FOR EXAMPLE: VISCOUS DAMPERS

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 2. SHEAR WALLS RESIST-
• SHEAR WALLS DO, • GRAVITY LOADS
HOWEVER, LIMIT THE
• LATERAL LOADS
FLEXIBILITY OF THE
BUILDING DESIGN. TO
OVERCOME THIS DOWNFALL,
SOME DESIGNERS OPT FOR
MOMENT-RESISTING
FRAMES.
• IN THESE STRUCTURES, THE
COLUMNS AND BEAMS ARE
ALLOWED TO BEND, BUT THE
JOINTS OR CONNECTORS
BETWEEN THEM ARE RIGID.
AS A RESULT, THE WHOLE
FRAME MOVES IN RESPONSE
TO A LATERAL FORCE AND
YET PROVIDES AN EDIFICE
THAT'S LESS OBSTRUCTED
INTERNALLY THAN SHEAR-
WALL STRUCTURES.
NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 3. BRACING
• CROSS-BRACING, WHICH USES TWO
DIAGONAL MEMBERS IN AN X-
SHAPE, IS A POPULAR WAY TO BUILD
WALL TRUSSES.
• INSTEAD OF BRACED FRAMES OR IN
ADDITION TO THEM, ENGINEERS
MAY USE SHEAR WALLS -- VERTICAL
WALLS THAT STIFFEN THE
STRUCTURAL FRAME OF A BUILDING
AND HELP RESIST ROCKING FORCES.

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 4. DAMPERS
• IN INCREASINGLY MORE EARTHQUAKE-
RESISTANT BUILDINGS, DESIGNERS ARE
INSTALLING DAMPING SYSTEMS.
• ACTIVE MASS DAMPING, FOR EXAMPLE, RELIES
ON A HEAVY MASS MOUNTED TO THE TOP OF A
BUILDING AND CONNECTED TO VISCOUS
DAMPERS THAT ACT LIKE SHOCK ABSORBERS.

MASS DAMPER LIQUID TUNED MASS DAMPER

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 5. ROLLERS

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 6. ISOLATION
• ANOTHER SOLUTION
KNOWN AS BASE
ISOLATION INVOLVES
FLOATING A BUILDING
ABOVE ITS FOUNDATION
ON A SYSTEM OF
BEARINGS, SPRINGS OR
PADDED CYLINDERS.
BASE ISOLATION MECHANISM

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 7. LIGHT WEIGHT MATERIAL
IN RECENT TIMES , MANY NEW SYSTEMS AND DEVICES USING NON-
COVENTIONAL CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS HAVE BEEN
DEVELOPED , EITHER TO REDUCE THE EARTHQUAKE FOCES ACTING ON
A STRUCTURE OR TO ABSORB PART OD SEISMIC ENERGY.

8. BANDS AND OTHER WASTE TIRE PADS

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
 SUGGESTIONS
• AVOID WEAK COLUMN AND STRONG BEAM DESIGN
• PROVIDE THICK SLAB WHICH WILL HELP AS A RIGID DIAPHRAGM
• PROVIDE CROSS WALLS WHICH WILL STIFFEN THE STRUCTURES
• PROVIDE SHEAR WALLS IN A SYMMETRICAL FASHION
• INCREASE IN THE TRANSVERSE (SHEAR) REINFORCEMENT.
• HORIZONTAL LINTEL BAND SHOULD BE PROVIDED
• REVISION/ UPDATION OF BUILDING CODE OF PAKISTAN
• THE BUILDING MUST BE REGULAR AND SYMMETRICAL IN SHAPE
• REINFORCING BARS SHOULD BE PROVIDED AT THE CORNERS AND THE JUNCTIONS OF THE WALLS

HAUNCHES

NAME: RAJVI SHAH CODE:163531050069 SUBJECT:ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE COLLEGE:BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE