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Chemical Reaction Engineering: Asynchronous Video Series
Chemical Reaction Engineering: Asynchronous Video Series
Chapter 2:
Conversion and Reactors in Series
moles reacted
X=
moles fed
Conversion
moles reacted
X=
moles fed
Batch Reactor Conversion
• For example, let’s examine a batch reactor with the following design equation:
dN A
= rA V
dt
Batch Reactor Conversion
• For example, let’s examine a batch reactor with the following design equation:
dN A
= rA V
dt
moles reacted
moles remaining = moles fed - moles fed •
moles fed
Batch Reactor Conversion
• For example, let’s examine a batch reactor with the following design equation:
dN A
= rA V
dt
moles reacted
moles remaining = moles fed - moles fed •
moles fed
Batch Reactor Conversion
• For example, let’s examine a batch reactor with the following design equation:
dN A
= rA V
dt
moles reacted
moles remaining = moles fed - moles fed •
moles fed
Differential Form:
Integral Form:
CSTR Conversion
Algebraic Form:
PFR
dF A
= rA
dV
FA = F A0 (1− X)
PFR Conversion
PFR
dF A
= rA
dV
FA = F A0 (1− X)
PFR Conversion
PFR
dF A
= rA
dV
FA = F A0 (1− X)
Differential Form:
Integral Form:
Design Equations
Design Equations
Design Equations
Design Equations
V
Design Equations
V
Example
Example
X⎛ 1 ⎞
V = F A0 ∫0 ⎜ ⎟ dX
⎝ − rA ⎠ 0.010
Example
X⎛ 1 ⎞
V = F A0 ∫0 ⎜ ⎟ dX
⎝ − rA ⎠ 0.010
Example
X⎛ 1 ⎞
V = F A0 ∫0 ⎜ ⎟ dX
⎝ − rA ⎠ 0.010
50
1 40
30
−rA 20
10
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
X
Reactor Sizing
• Given -rA as a function of conversion, -rA=f(X), one can size any type of reactor.
Reactor Sizing
• Given -rA as a function of conversion, -rA=f(X), one can size any type of reactor.
FA0
• For −r vs. X, the volume of a CSTR is:
A
F A0 ( X − 0 )
V= XEXIT
− rA
EXIT Equivalent to area of rectangle
on a Levenspiel Plot
Reactor Sizing
• Given -rA as a function of conversion, -rA=f(X), one can size any type of reactor.
FA0
• For −r vs. X, the volume of a CSTR is:
A
F A0 ( X − 0 )
V= XEXIT
− rA
EXIT Equivalent to area of rectangle
on a Levenspiel Plot
FA0
• For −r A vs. X, the volume of a PFR is:
XF =area
VPFR = ∫0 A0
− rA
dX = area under the curve
Numerical Evaluation of Integrals
• The integral to calculate the PFR volume can be evaluated using Simpson’s
One-Third Rule:
Numerical Evaluation of Integrals
• The integral to calculate the PFR volume can be evaluated using Simpson’s
One-Third Rule (see Appendix A.4 on p. 924):
Reactors In Series
Reactors In Series
Reactors In Series
Reactors in Series
• Also consider a number of CSTRs in series:
Reactors in Series
• Finally consider a number of CSTRs in series:
• We see that we approach the PFR reactor volume for a large number of
CSTRs in series:
FA 0
− rA
X
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary