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    C. tetani is a gram positive, motile, spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria commonly found in soil. It produces an extremely durable spore that allows it to survive harsh conditions. C. tetani infections are typically caused by puncture wounds introducing spores into devitalized tissue. The bacteria produces two toxins - a hemolysin of unknown significance and tetanospasmin, the potent neurotoxin responsible for tetanus. Tetanospasmin is transported to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem where it prevents the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, causing painful muscle spasms characteristic of tetanus.

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    Microbiology of Clostridium tetani

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    C. tetani is a gram positive, motile, spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria commonly found in soil. It produces an extremely durable spore that allows it to survive harsh conditions. C. tetani infections are typically caused by puncture wounds introducing spores into devitalized tissue. The bacteria produces two toxins - a hemolysin of unknown significance and tetanospasmin, the potent neurotoxin responsible for tetanus. Tetanospasmin is transported to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem where it prevents the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, causing painful muscle spasms characteristic of tetanus.

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    13 views6 pages

    Microbiology of Clostridium Tetani

    Uploaded by

    manakimanaku
    C. tetani is a gram positive, motile, spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria commonly found in soil. It produces an extremely durable spore that allows it to survive harsh conditions. C. tetani infections are typically caused by puncture wounds introducing spores into devitalized tissue. The bacteria produces two toxins - a hemolysin of unknown significance and tetanospasmin, the potent neurotoxin responsible for tetanus. Tetanospasmin is transported to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem where it prevents the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, causing painful muscle spasms characteristic of tetanus.

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    CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

    CHARACTERISTIC
    - C. tetani is a large (0.5 to 2 × 2 to 18 μm), gram +, motile, spore-
    forming rod.
    - The organism produces round, terminal spores that give it the
    appearance of a drumstick.
    - Vegetative cells of C. tetani die rapidly due to its extreme
    sensitive to oxygen toxicity
    - Spore of C.tetani allows the organism to survive in the most
    adverse condition.
    - The bacteria are proteolytic but unable to ferment carbohydrates
    - Tetanus has an incubation period varying from 4 days to
    several weeks. A shorter period is usually associated with more
    severe disease and wounds closer to the brain
    - The infection remains strictly localized in the area of devitalized
    tissue into which the spores have been introduced
    HABITAT
    C. tetani spores are common in barnyard, garden, and other soils. The most typical
    focus of infection in tetanus is a puncture wound caused, for example, by a splinter.
    TOXIN ?
    C. tetani produces two toxins, an oxygen-labile hemolysin (tetanolysin)
    and a plasmid-encoded, heat-labile neurotoxin (tetanospasmin)
    • Tetanolysin clinical significance of tetanolysin is unknown because
    it is inhibited by oxygen and serum cholesterol.
    • Tetanospasmin is produced during the Tetanospasmin is produced
    during the stationary phase of growth, released when the cell is
    lysed, and responsible for the clinical manifestations of tetanus
    TETANOSPASMIN
    Tetanospasmin is cleaved by a bacterial
    protease into two peptides (50 and 100 kDa)
    and its linked by a disulfide bond.
    The larger peptide initially binds to receptors on
    the presynaptic membranes of motor neurons. It
    then migrates by the retrograde axonal transport
    system to the cell bodies of these neurons to the
    spinal cord and brainstem. The toxin diffuses to
    terminals of inhibitory cells, including both
    glycinergic interneurons and γ-aminobutyric acid
    (GABA)– secreting neurons from the brainstem.
    The smaller peptide degrades synaptobrevin
    (also called VAMP2), a protein required for
    docking of neurotransmitter vesicles on the
    presynaptic membrane.
    THANK YOU 

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