Moles and Mass Relationships

just some little calculations and numbers

Avogadro’s Number

Lorenzo Romano Amedeo

Carlo Avogadro di
Quaregua e di Cerreto

6.022 x 1023
 Molar Mass
Modern periodic table of
can be used to identify
the molar mass of an
element and a compound.

atomic mass (amu) =

molar mass (g/mol)
 Molar Mass
The sum of the atomic masses in the
molecule or compound.
Calculate the molar masses (in
g/mol) of the following compounds:
sulfur dioxide (SO2)
caffeine (C8H10N4O2)

64.07g/mol and 194.22 g/mol

 Molar Mass
Calculate the molar mass
of ibuprofen, C13H18O2
and barium phosphate?

= 206.31 g/mol and

601.93 g/mol
 Molar Mass
The chemical formula for
monosodium glutamate, known
as vetsin is C5H8O4NNa. What is
the molar mass is g/mol?

= 169.14 g/mol
 Molar Mass
= 169.14 g/mol

What does it mean?

Molar mass means that in every 1
mole of C5H8O4NNa, there are 169.14
grams of C5H8O4NNa. Thus, we can
use this as a conversion factor.
 Mole Concept
Helium (He) is a valuable gas used
in industry, low-temperature
research, deep-sea diving tanks,
and balloons. How many moles of
He atoms are in 6.46 g of He?
(He = 4.003 g/mol)
= 1.61 mol He
 Mole Concept
How many moles of oxygen
atoms are found in 64 g of
Oxygen?
O = 16.00 g/mol

= 4.0 moles
 Mole Concept

How many grams of NaCl

are there in 1.5 moles of
this compound?

= 88 g
 Mole Concept
Methane is the principal
component of natural
gas. How many moles of
CH4 are present in 6.07 g
of CH4?

= 0.378 mol CH4

 The Mole Concept
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 atoms, or
6.022 x 1023 molecules, or
6.022 x 1023 ions

1 dozen = 12 doughnuts, or
12 pieces, or
12 items
 Avogadro’s Number
Determine the number of
atoms and the mass of 0.85
mole of copper.

= 5.1 x 1023 Cu atoms

and
= 54 g
 Avogadro’s Number
How many hydrogen atoms are
present in 25.6 g of urea
[(NH2)2CO], which is used as a
fertilizer, in animal feed, and in
the manufacture of polymers?

= 1.03 x 1024 H atoms

 Avogadro’s Number
How many H atoms are in 72.5
g of isopropanol (rubbing
alcohol), C3H8O?

= 5.81 x 1024 H atoms

 Short Quiz
Direction: Answer the word problem on a ½ short
bond paper, show your complete solution.
Dimethyl sulfoxide [(CH3)2SO], also called DMSO, is
an important solvent that penetrates the skin,
enabling it to be used as a topical drug-delivery
agent. Calculate the number of C, H, S, and O
atoms in 7.14 x 103 g of dimethyl sulfoxide?
= 1.10 x 1026 C atoms; 3.30 x 1026 H atoms; 5.50 x
1025 S atoms; 5.50 x 1025 O atoms
 Percent Composition
Percent composition by mass is the percent by
mass of each element in a compound.

Let us try:
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Almost 50% sulfur and 50% oxygen

 Percent Composition
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a colorless, syrupy
liquid used in detergents, fertilizers,
toothpastes, and in carbonated beverages for
a “tangy” flavor. Calculate the percent
composition by mass of H, P, and O in this
compound.
3.09%, 31.60%, and 65.31%
 Empirical Formula
The reverse process of percent composition.
Simplest formula of a compound.

1. Percent by mass is given. Assume 100-g sample.

2. Change to grams and divide by molar mass.
3. Divide by the smallest number of mole.
4. Change into integer subscript.
 Empirical Formula
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a colorless, syrupy
liquid used in detergents, fertilizers,
toothpastes, and in carbonated beverages for
a “tangy” flavor. Calculate the percent
composition by mass of H, P, and O in this
compound.
3.09%, 31.60%, and 65.31%
 Empirical Formula
The percent by mass of
nitrogen is 46.7% for a
species only containing
nitrogen and oxygen. What
could be the formula of this
compound?
NO
 Empirical Formula
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) cures scurvy.
It is composed of 40.92 percent
carbon (C), 4.58 percent hydrogen (H),
and 54.50 percent oxygen (O) by mass.
Determine its empirical formula.
= C3H4O3
 Molecular Formula
The actual formula. Divide the given
molar mass to the empirical molar mass
(molar mass of the empirical formula) to
get the ratio.

Let’s go back to the ascorbic acid with an

empirical formula of C3H4O3. If the molar
mass of the compound is 176.16 g/mol.
What is the molecular formula?
Empirical and Molecular Formula
A compound used as an additive for gasoline to help
prevent engine knock shows the following percentage
composition:
Cl = 71.65 %
C = 24.27 %
H = 4.07 %
What is the empirical formula, empirical molar mass,
and molecular formula if the known molecular mass is
98 g/mol?
Empirical and Molecular Formula
Answers:
Empirical formula: ClCH2
Empirical molar mass: 49.48 g/mol
Molecular formula: Cl2C2H4
Empirical and Molecular Formula
The acid found in sour milk is
lactic acid, CH3CHOHCOOH. What
is the empirical formula?

C3H6O3
CH2O
 Short Quiz
Direction: Solve the word problem below on a ½ short bond
paper. Show your complete solution.
Propyl mercaptan, the compound responsible for the smell of
onions, contains by mass:
47.3 % C
42.1 % S, and
10.6 % H
What is the empirical formula, empirical molar mass, and
molecular formula if the known molecular mass is 76.2 g/mol?