Beta Diversity of Order Araneae in Malagos Watershed, Davao City

and Aliwagwag, Davao Oriental

By:
Gallardo, Mark Joel
Lanos, Amancio Jr.
Lopez, Mylene Joy
Sumatra, Angelica
Trinidad, April Jill
• Spiders are abundant predators that plays important roles
in terrestrial ecosystems and also regulate pest insect.

• Spiders are one of the invertebrate species that has several

trending researches.

• Spiders in the Philippines is one of the most diverse group

of organisms.

• Beta Diversity partitioning is a mechanism that needed to

be understood to maintain the biodiversity in a community
it also investigates the effect of pure spatial, pure habitat,
and spatially structured habitat on the species composition
and species richness.
 Aim of the study
• This study aimed to determine the Beta
Diversity of order Araneae in their
richness, evenness, diversity, and
distribution pattern Malagos Watershed,
Davao City and Barangay Aliwagwag,
Cateel, Davao Oriental.
Conceptual Framework
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Order Araneae in Species of order

Malagos Watershed, Araneae
Davao City and Distribution pattern
Barangay of order Araneae
Aliwagwag, Cateel, Diversity Index of
Davao Oriental. order Araneae
METHODS
Several sampling methods will be
implemented in this study namely:
• Transect walk
• Vial tapping
• Pit fall traps
• Hand picking
• Sweep netting
• Quadrat sampling
Pittfall trapping is ideal to
capture ground dwelling or
ambush type spiders that
belonging to Families
Thomsidae (crab spiders),
Salticidae (jumping spiders),
Gnaphosidae (ground spiders)
and Lycosidae (wolf spider).
Sweep net is a funnel-
shaped net attached to
a long-handled frame
that is swept back and
forth through the
foliage.
• Sampling was done for a total of 80-man hours for 10
days of sampling in a Fair weather condition.
• Each transect points has an interval of 100 m. In each
transect point a 20m x 20m of quadrat has been
established.
 CHAPTER 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Problem:

1.) What are the species of Order Araneae found in

Malagos Watershed, Davao City and Barangay
Aliwagwag, Cateel, Davao Oriental?
 FAMILY GENUS BARANGAY MALAGOS
/SPECIES ALIWAGWAG WATERSHED

Araneidae Gasteracantha 15 7
janopol

Araneidae Nephila pilipes 6 12

The highest abundance species is Gastrecantha janopol

(15) in Malagos Watershed while in Barangay Aliwag-wag
and Nephila pilipes (12) both from family Aranidae.
 2. What are the distribution patterns of order Araneae in the
Malagos Watershed, Davao City and Barangay Aliwagwag,
Cateel, Davao Oriental

Distribution pattern of those the species found in these two areas,

they identified that lies as linearly concentrated distribution like
Araneus from family Araneidae and aggregated like Gasterachanta
mammosa. This may be due to the lack of sample effort or can be
factors like temperature where spiders habitat disturbed by cold
temperature when sampling was being done.
 3. What is the diversity index of order Araneae in the
Malagos Watershed, Davao City and Barangay Aliwagwag,
Cateel, Davao Oriental.

Table2. Diversity Index of Araneae species in two study sites.

Area Shannon-Weiner(H) Evenness

Aliwag-wag,Cateel 3.121 0.864

Malagos Watershed 3.81 0.903

• Biodiversity indices of Araneae species in the areas
of Aliwag-wag and Malagos Watershed.
• The Shannon-Weiner method revealed that H value
of 3.81 in Malagos Watershed, showing higher
relative abundance compared to Aliwagwag (3.121)
in terms of species richness and evenness.
• This means Malagos Watershed has the most
diverse Araneae species, because it has highly
complex vegetation and less human intrusion than
Aliwagwag forest.
• Abiotic factors like humidity and temperature may
affect the abundance of Araneae species (Samu,
2014).
 4. Is there a significant relationship between the
distribution pattern and diversity index in Aliwag-wag
and Malagos Watershed?
Table3. Results of Anova

F-value P value F critical value

0.394683 0.531266 3.935189

• The results of Anova to find the significant relationship
between distribution pattern and diversity index.
• It shows that the P value is higher than significant value of
0.05 and the F critical value (3.935) is higher than F- value
of 0.395. Thus, there is no significance difference between
the diversity and the distribution pattern of Araneidae
species in these two areas.
• The null hypothesis is not rejected. This is maybe due to the
diversity of each species or individuals abundance in these
areas where they have different behavior according to
location. Their distribution in terms of different species may
vary by the geographic distribution which tends to be scarce
where widespread species are likely to occur at high
densities.
• This Araneidae species differs in terms of distribution and
richness according to location which is favorable for them.
 CHAPTER 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• The most observe families in both areas were

family Araneidae, Salticidae and Oxyopidae.
Those types of spiders are highly adapted to
several habitat types, since both areas are
exposed to different anthropogenic human
activities in different areas.
• According to Shannon (1948), the most diversed
Araneidae species found was Malagos Watershed
with a H value of 3.81 compared to Aliwag-wag
where different kinds of species were found.
• There is no significance between the diversity
index and distribution pattern since the F critical
value is higher than F observed value and P value is
higher than the a level which is 0.05 .
• This is because each species may vary in
abundance, not as whole Araneiae species in these
two different areas.
 Conclusion
• Malagos Watershed found to be the highest abundance and
different species richness occurring of Araneiae species
compared to Aliwag-wag. Aliwagwag is one of the tourist
destinations that turns out that it was highly disturbed and affects
the assemblage of spiders in Aliwagwag which lessen the captive
spider. This clearly shows that they may vary with evenness and
distribution which indicates that there is no significance
difference between diversity and distribution. Thus, we do not
reject the null hypothesis.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
• 1. Areas of tropical forests should be properly kept and conserved
to preserve the habitats and spawning areas of these land animals
which allow diversity of various kinds of spiders.
• 2. Araneae has a great significance in land ecosystem. They serve
as bio-indicators. Hence, these animals’ habitat should be
preserved to allow them to pawn to keep their diversity.
• 3. In conducting this, researchers should be given a greater span
of time to attain better results and sampling effort.
• 4. In gathering samples of Araneae communities, proper gears
and tools must be used. This will consent a better data and will
avoid any harm towards the researchers and the ecosystem.
• 5. Future researchers should have more sampling efforts in
different areas with optimum temperature in order to find how
diverse those species.
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