International Trade Logistics

Report on

National Waterway 2
Submitted by:
Jay Dave
Roll No:129
Section: C
National Waterway 2

National Waterway-2 is the 891 km stretch of

River Brahmaputra between Bangladesh outskirt
close Dhubri and Sadiya. NW-2 has verifiably been
a significant method of transportation for the
province of Assam (in the North East India) and
keeps on remaining so. IWAI keeps up stretch-
wise Least Available Depth (LAD) on NW-2 around
the year, which has brought about standard traffic
development. The traffic on NW-2 principally
comprises of travellers, vehicles and merchandise
development occurring through ships.
Between approximate 50 Destination-Origin pairs, about 0.39 million
tones of traffic happened in Financial Year 20 on National waterway 2.
Below graph shows the month wise traffic, while comparing it to FY-
19.
The traffic in FY19 was 0.5 million tonne which decreased by 22% to
0.5 million tonne. This resulted from the construction of bridge over
river Brahmaputra near Bogibeel in Dec’18. In July’19, moment again
started when stone chip and boulders from Bhutan started using IWT
mode from destinations in Bangladesh to Dhubri.
Highest share of traffic movement on NW-2 is by
Passengers(51%) followed by goods(40%). The
movement of goods on NW-2 consists of
personal items, vegetable hence unorganized in
nature.
NW2 has roughly 60 jetties be it developed or
not-developed. These jetties take care of
vehicles, passengers and goods through ferries.
Dhubri took care of maximum traffic.
 Step:1 Infrastructure and Capacity Analysis
A. Terminals or IWT jetties

S.No Name Type

1 Dhubri Fixed RCC
2 Jogighopa Floating Pontoon
3 Pandu Fixed RCC Jetties (High/Low level)
4 Tejpur Floating Pontoon
5 Biswanath Ghat Floating Pontoon Coal handling operations at Pandu terminal(RCC)
6 Silghat Floating Pontoon
7 Neamati Floating Pontoon
8 Bogibeel Floating Pontoon
9 Dibrugarh Floating Pontoon
10 Sengajan/ Panbari Floating Pontoon
11 Oriumghat Floating Pontoon

Floating Pontoon at Jogighopa

B. Distance between two jetties
Total length of 891 kms of Brahmaputra river is declared as
National Waterway 2 (NW-2).

S No. Stretch & Distance in Km

1 Dhubri-Jogighopa (115 Km)
2 Jogighopa-Pandu Port ( 144 Km)
2 Pandu- Tezpur (170 Km)
3 Tezpur – Biswanath Ghat (80 Km)
4 Biswanath Ghat- Silghat (99 Km)
5 Bogibil – Dibrugarh (27 Km)
6
Bhanga – Lakhipur (121 km) stretch of Barak river
 
7 Pandu Port – Dhubri (255 Km)
C. Draft availability between two jetties

    2013-2014 2014-2015
Depth No. of shoals Depth aimed for No. of shoals
Sl. No Stretch
Maintained(m) attended 2012-2013 anticipated
Bangladesh Border - Pandu
1 2.5 10 2.5 20
(255 km)
2 Pandu- Neamati (374 Km) 2.5 14 2.5 30
3 Neamati-Dibrugarh(139 km) 2.0 5 2.0 8
4 Dibrugarh- Oriumghat (92 Km) 1.5 7 1.5 11

D. Maximum permissible load per barge

On 4th November 2019 1st container cargo went from Haldia to Pandu terminal(Guwahati). The Ship carried 48 TEUs (food
& beverages, edible oil). Maximum load will also depend on the draft availability so it’s fair assumption that the capacity
will be of 48 Twenty-foot equivalent unit.
Weight of 1 TEU including cargo is 21,600 kilograms. So, 48 of them will be 10.36 million KG.
Another rough assumption is that 1 barge can carry about 2000-3000 tonnes.
E. Time to cover one way by barge between two jetties
Average speed of barges varies from 5.6 kmph to 17.7 kmph. As the barges in NW 2 might not be that efficient, we are
considering barge speed to be 10 kmph. And the distance between two for calculation purposes is taken to be the distance
between two terminals. The average distance between all the terminals is 140 km. Thus time taken to cover one way by
barge between two jetties would be 140(distance in km)/10(speed in km/hr) 14 hours.
F. Number of jetties in each terminal
Currently, Jetties are present in two terminals only, i.e
1.Pandu and
2.Dhubri.
Low level jetty is operational for berthing of vessels at Pandu Port. A high-level jetty and a B.G. siding is under construction
at this location
G. Productivity per hour
Normally at port the productivity is roughly about 40 moves per hour. So, for given jetties it can be assumed to be 25% of that
due because of availability of infrastructure, it comes to 10 moves per hour.
Similarly jetties are expected to handle about 30% of 4000-6000 tonnes per hour. Which comes to 1200-1800 tonnes per
hour.
H. Annual Capacity
Pandu Terminal has a RORO service with a vessel operated which has capacity if 4 cars, 2 trucks and 200 passengers. Total
capacity of Pandu terminal is roughly 3500MT. Specific for this terminal 2 cranes of 20 tone capacity and 1 container crane of
75 tone is present.
For Dhubri we can assume similar capacity and for other terminals 50% of these values can safely be assumed, given it’ll be
developed.
 Step:2 Connectivity Analysis
Part: A, C, D, E, F, G

Nearest City (Distance

Location Nearest Airport Major Port (If any) Nearest Rail sliding Nearest NH Railway connectivity
in km)
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
1 Dhubri International Airport (38.8 Dhubri Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH17 1KM
km)

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

2 Jogighopa International Airport (91.1 Bongaigaon (57 km) Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH17 1.3KM
km)

Guwahati Airport Guwahati

3 Pandu Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH27 1.8KM
(14.5 km) (10 km)
4 Tejpur Tezpur Airport (9.1 Km) Tezpur (6km) Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH715 5.7KM
5 Biswnath Ghat Tezpur Airport (67.1 Km) Tezpur (76km) Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH15 1.5KM
6 Silghat Tezpur Airport (30.7 Km) Tezpur (36km) Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH715 3.4KM
Jorhat Airport
7 Neamati Jorhat (10 km) Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH715 10.71KM
(10.5 km)
8 Bogibil Tezpur Airport (35.4 Km) Tezpur (41.7km) Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH15 436KM
Dibrugarh Airport
9 Dibrugarh Dibrugarh Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH2 4.3KM
(14.2 km)
Dibrugarh Airport
10 Sengajan/ Panbari Dibrugarh(74 km Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH17 6.57KM
(93.6 km)
Dibrugarh Airport
11 Oriumghat Tinsukia (117 km Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port New Jalpaiguri - CSD Siliguri NH37 9.66KM
(142 km)
Part B Calculate the road capacity in terms of tonne-km per hour

Assumption
Assumed PCUs are taken from research report
PCUs per truck: 3
Load per truck: 20 tonne

Load per truck

Road Type Assumed PCU Trucks Count Total Load (Tonnes) Annual Load (Tonnes)
(Tonnes)

NH 10000 3333 20 66667 24333333

SHW 8000 2667 20 53333 19466667

City Road 6000 2000 20 40000 14600000

Village Road 2000 667 20 13333 4866667

 Step:3 The Hinterland (Socio – Economic) Analysis
A. The Agri, industrial, Cluster produce 100 km around

Nearest No of
Sr No. Cluster Name Products Turnover
Port Firms

Dharamtul Pottery and

1 Pottery & Terracotta Pandu NA 25
Terracotta

Dibrugarh Fabrication and

2 MS Fabrication & Structure Dibrugarh ₹200 mn 246
General Engineering

Dibrugarh Bought Tea Leave

3 CTC, Orthodox Tea Dibrugarh ₹4000 mn 73
Factory

4 Hajo Brass Utensils Utensils Pandu ₹43 mn NA

Kakopothar Incense Stick

5 Agarbatti Sticks Dibrugarh ₹30 mn 6264
Making

6 Nalbari Jaapi Hat Pandu ₹2 mn 200

 B. Population of the place 100km around D. Nearest Cluster:

Total population throughout the 11 given terminals is

57,32,310

The only cluster available in the region is 25 kms

Size of circle shows the density of people around that particular port
from Pandu port of Hajo Brass Utensils
E. Economic potential of the place around jetty in terms of tonne-load per month

About 3000MT is the cargo that the port will be able to move every month. About 800MT has been sent via water
ways since January 2018. And now the plan is to send 1200 MT from Pandu to Dhubri every month. The main
parcel of load left the Pandu port on December 29, 2018 with 400 MT of concrete separated into two flatboats -
RPL Krishnai and RPL Junbili - to Dhubri, around 223 kms from Guwahati on streams. At least 7 to 8 firms have
shown interest to send their products via waterways from Dhubri to Bangladesh, since the Ghuwahati to Dhubri
route is quite navigable. Many of them are looking forward to transport stone to Bangladesh from Bhutan.

Year MT
2008-09 2.18
2009-10 2.11
2010- 11 2.16
2011-12 2.41
2012- 13 2.42
F. Any place of tourist interest 100 Km G. Backup land within 10 km from jetty to develop container yards,
around the jetty MMLPs, clusters

1. MV Mahabahu Brahmaputra River Cruise

2. Kamakhya Temple
3. Guwahati Zoo
4. Kaziranga National Park
5. Mawsynram
6. Shillong
7. The Saraighat Bridge
8. Pobitra Wildlife Sanctuary
9. Nameri National Park
10. Manas National Park
11. Umananda Island
12. Mayong
H. Barge parking facility and Night Navigation

Navigational Aids:
Channel marks for day route are raised and kept up in whole stream. Also, fortnightly talweg studies
during low water level period and month to month studies during storm are done.
Night Navigation
24 hr night route offices are set up by IWAI from Dhubri up to Dibrugarh. This would encourage the
development of all vessels on Bramhaputra. DGPS stations have been set up at Jogighopa, Tezpur and
Dibrugarh. Floats and light work has likewise been introduced.
 Step:4 A Model formulation
A & D: Identifying the constraints and limit to Growth
•There are just 2 fixed terminals though others are drifting
•Depth in the stretch between Neamati-Dibrugarh and Dibrugarh-Oriumghat is vert low which impedes the progression of
large boat. Because of the shallow profundity the maximum burden per freight ship isn't adept
•Jetties are absent at every terminal and any place present aren't sufficiently adequate.
•Cargo taking care of foundation isn't accessible at the terminals which block the stacking and emptying of load
•Not all terminals are associated with National Highway legitimately which in some cases diminishes the proficiency for
street transportation . Similarly Railway or Airport is likewise not there close by to numerous terminals.
•Condition of Road diminishes the absolute burden that can be carried on it
•Lack of information makes it hard to do examination explicitly the social-monetary investigation.
•Lots of work and parts of the economy are in type of a sloppy segment which makes it truly hard to choose strategy for
advancement.
•Very not many bunches are accessible close by the terminals or perhaps the information isn't accessible for it.
•Most of the groups are accessible close Pandu and Dibrugarh. Different terminals may likewise have some specific bunch of
farming items, for example, tea or espresso however more information is needed to do the investigation and strategy
arrangement.
•Data with respect to the particular utilization of the spot isn't accessible.
•Nearest group is there just from terminal Pandu, different terminals either don't have bunch or information isn't accessible
•Data for the financial capability of the spot around the breakwater isn't accessible. Many great vacationer places are there
yet are not celebrated enough.
•Not all stretches all through the NW2 have route marks and henceforth dispatches need to quit going around evening time .
 B. Maximal flow of cargo per stretch.
Per stretch payload development will rely upon the
profundity and route marks accessibility all through the
NW2. Though as indicated by one news about 3000MT of
freight can be move from Pandu Port and about 1200MT
of load is in intending to be sent from Pandu to Dhubri on
the Brahmaputra. The estimation is bit extreme yet since
draft and navigation marks close Pandu and Dhubri is
better different terminals it very well may be expected
that 1200MT is the maximum freight that can stream
every month.
E. Total cargo capacity per annum of NW2
As indicated by the Inland Waterways Authority of India
(IWAR), the limit of Pandu is 3500MT with a capacity of 200
traveler, 4 vehicles and 2 trucks.
So expecting Dhubri to be same limit it will likewise have
3500MT.
Furthermore, other will have half to that of Pandy that is
3500/2=1750MT.
Talking about compartments,
As per information of typical port, 40 moves/hour is normal
so for these terminals moves can be thought to associate
with 10 moves/hour. Thus yearly limit with respect to
compartments can be determined expecting 80% working
of cranes. Henceforth total container taken care of by
terminals can be made sense of.
C. Future prospects
On the off chance that all the limitations and cutoff points to development factors are thought about with
the recommendations given in step 5, there is a splendid future for NW2. Brahmaputra stream is an
enormous waterway with very wide and profundity too. It very well may be utilized to move essential good
as well as different products toward the northeastern district. Given that street and rail transportation isn't
sufficient connecting northern east with different parts of India and Airway isn't reasonable. A great deal of
ground study is yet to be done for gathering information which can help for making sense of the
advancement plan for NW2.

Some of the terminals such as Pandu or near Guwahati are already seen heavy traffic and once these
terminals are industrialized it can act as the main hub for transporting goods throughout the northeastern
region. But to do all these all the suggestions given in step 5 have to be taken into consideration. Another
important step that can be taken is to improve the relation with Bangladesh, because not only it can provide
the scope of road transportation, but the inland waterway can also be extended beyond Dhubri to Kolkata
port or Haldia port where major good is loaded and unloaded.
 Step:4 Recommendations
Long Term:
• Interlinking of Rivers program: Water level will be uniform across ports, and help decrease the reef (the absolute bottom of
the waterway)

• The National River Linking Project (NRLP) officially known as the National Perspective Plan, visualizes the exchange of water
from water 'overflow' bowls where there is flooding, to water 'shortage' bowls where there is dry spell/shortage, through
between bowl water move ventures

• Sagarmala Project: Along with the improvement of coast dispatching courses, the task looks to inland streams to drive
modern turn of events. It plans to decrease the coordination costs by multiplying the portion of homegrown streams in the
modular blend from the current 6 percent (PIB)

• Jal Marg Vikas Project: Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) focuses on a limit growth of route on National Waterway-1 (NW-1).
The undertaking is being executed by GOI with specialized help and venture backing of the World Bank.

• The convention for Inland Waterways among Bangladesh and India ought to be reached out for in any event 10 years to
decrease vulnerability.

• China has an inland stream arrangement of in excess of 5600 safe waterways and 2000 inland ports. IWT improvement is
gathered in 5 explicit zones. China with the guide of the World Bank has taken significant activities to help IWT, something
India can get a leaf from.
Medium Term:
• To lessen the no. of sandbars and sediments, we have to dig the base of the waterway. This is helpful in
holding more vehicle

• Develop measures for all year route: Efforts ought to be made to create further stretches of the stream, i.e.,
in any event 2.5 m to 3 m to accomplish year-around route

• Adequate upkeep of streams, including consistent digging to keep up satisfactory water profundity for
overhauling transporting lines ought to be guaranteed

• Ease limitations on stream ocean development: Utilizing a solitary vessel for both inland and seaside waters,
brings down vehicle costs, and limits dealing with. Subsequently, by 2020, state specialists should draw up
facilitates for inland vessel limits under the Inland Vessel Act for their waterfront waters

• Develop inland streams transport to encourage the development of merchandise to neighbouring nations
and the Northeast

• By 2018, state governments ought to start take a shot at digging and channel adjustment to make around 20
new ports in the Brahmaputra and Barak streams.
Medium Term:
• Strengthening public-private association has the key task to carry out in building up the inland streams division. Private
players can embrace terminal turn of events, load and traveler dealing with, and constructing low-draft vessels and
related fix offices.

• Measures ought to be taken to create essential foundation, address innovative bottlenecks, and upkeep of waterways to
guarantee all year safeness

• Measures ought to be taken to taken to guarantee accessibility of consistent, multimodal last-mile network to and from
the hinterland to diminish trans-shipment cost and make inland water transport financially more feasible

• The Government can command/boost enterprises in the closeness of public streams to utilize this model for a bit of their
shipments. The administration can advance mechanical hallways along riverbanks and cultivate streams based
industrialization. Higher street duties can be imposed on transportation of coal and inflammable material over longer
separations the administration ought to create traveller terminal turn of events, offer budgetary help to ship
administrators to improve security, and encourage protection inclusion to support traveller transport measures ought to
be taken to advance stream the travel industry in states like Assam and Kerala Keeping at the top of the priority list the
worries, it is critical to evaluate the natural and social effect of the advancement of inland streams and related
foundation to invalidate possible harm.
Short Term

• Increment the intensity of the Ships

• Increment seating ability to oblige a greater amount of the

general population

• Cranes at Pandu are portable cranes and fixed terminal. Since

the terminal is fixed, we can incorporate fixed cranes of high
burden ability to build payload development, decline
turnaround time and increment effectiveness

• Charges can be expanded from Rs 2.5 to Rs 5 to utilize the

cash for the overhaul of the foundation of boats and to
redesign the motor for a more powerful motor
Note:
•Many statistical information have been directly taken from the sources (for plagiarism check the sources have been
mentioned)
•Data for many things for National Waterway 2 is not available to public knowledge and hence several assumption have
been taken. It’s mentioned wherever applicable.
•For calculation part, conservative estimate has been done for parameters such as productivity or capacity

Sources:
http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/787861558687544122/pdf/Environment-Impact-Assessment-Phase-One.pdf
https://iwai.nic.in/showfile.php?lid=2048
https://iwai.nic.in/showfile.php?lid=1963
http://dcmsme.gov.in/schemes/Website20.1.11.pdf
https://www.clusterobservatory.in/clustermap.php
https://assam.gov.in/en/main/AVAILABILITY%20OF%20LAND
http://cdn.tcil.in/website/tcil/Study_Report/TCI-IIM%20Report.pdf
https://commerce.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadedFile/MOC_637051086790146385_LEAD_Report.pdf
Thank you