WATER TANKS

UNIT III
LIQUID STORAGE STRUCTURES

• RCC Water Tanks

• On ground, Elevated Circular, underground
Rectangular Tanks
• Hemispherical Bottomed Steel Water Tank
• Design and Drawing
• DESIGN OF WATER TANK (IS3370 [Part I – IV] )

• Cylindrical
• Rectangular
• Further, water tanks are classified based on
their positions as,
• Resting on ground
– Flexible or free base
– Hinged
– Fixed
• Elevated or overhead
• Underground
TYPES OF WATER TANKS
Types of Joints in circular tank resting on ground
 FLEXIBLE BASE
• In case of a free or flexible base between the
tank wall and base slab, the wall are free to
slide and expand, and hoop tension developed
in the circular wall due to hydrostatic pressure
can be calculated easily
 Hinged and Fixed Base
• For Hinged and Fixed Bases the coefficients for
moments and ring tension need to be considered.
These coefficients are exp as a function of the non
dimensional parameter

• (H2/Dt )
• H – height of the tank
• D-Diameter of tank
• t- thickness of tank wall
 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES:

• The method of design adopted for design of

water tank is working stress method.
• The permissible stress values in concrete and
steel are given in Tables 21 and 22 of IS456-
2000, as follows:
• For M20  σcbc = 7 N/mm2, σt = 5 N/mm2
• For Fe250 steel, σst = 130 – 140 N/mm2
• For Fe415 steel, σst = 230 – 240 N/mm2
PERMISSIBLE CONCRETE STRESSES IN CALCULATIONS RELATING
TO RESISTANCE TO CRACKING

Concrete Grade Direct Tension Bending Tension

M15 1.1 1.5
M20 1.2 1.7
M25 1.3 1.8
M30 1.5 2.0
M35 1.6 2.2
M40 1.7 2.4
• As per clause B – 2.1.1, the tensile stress is
given by
• σ =

where, m  modular ratio

= 280 / 3 σcbc = Es/Ec
• σcbc is the permissible compressive stress.
HOOP TENSION AND BENDING MOMENTS IN CYLINDRICAL TANK WALLS
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR WATER TANK
 When L/B < 2,

For bottom height h = 1m or H/4, whichever

greater, the bending is in vertical plane and this
portion is designed as cantilever
• The corner are designed for the maximum
moment obtained after moment distribution
with the intensity of pressure p = w(H-h)
 IN ABSENCE OF MOMENT DISTRIBUTION

 Bending moment at centre of span = pB2 / 16

(producing tension on outer face)

 Bending moment at ends of span = pB2 / 12

(producing tension on water face)
• In addition to the B.M s the walls are
subjected to direct tension given by:

• Direct Tension on long wall =TL =w(H-h) B/2

• Direct Tension on short wall =TS=w(H-h) L /2

• Design moment = (M - T x )

• For B.M , Ast = (M – Tx ) /( σ st j.d)

• Ast = (Ast1 + Ast2 )

• For direct Tension
• Ast2 = T/ σ st
 When L / B > 2,

• In this case long wall are assumed to bend

vertically and hence designed as cantilevers.

• Short walls are assumed to bend horizontally

supported on long walls above H/4 or 1 m
from bottom.
• Bending moment for long walls = (w H3/6)
• Bending moment for short walls above 1 m
from base) = w (H-h) B2 / 16

• Maximum cantilever moment for short wall

= w Hh2/6)
• In addition, direct pulls are considered for long
wall and short walls