ROBOTIC ARM

BY:-
YATI SHARMA
ME-1 SEM-6
A Robotic Arm

A robotic arm (not robotic hand) is a type of 

mechanical arm, usually programmable, with similar
functions to a human arm; the arm may be the sum
total of the mechanism or may be part of a more
complex robot. The links of such a manipulator are
connected by joints allowing either rotational motion
(such as in an articulated robot) or translational (linear)
displacement.[1][2] The links of the manipulator can be
considered to form a kinematic chain. The terminus of
the kinematic chain of the manipulator is called the end
effector and it is analogous to the human hand.
 Robotic Arm Structure
A typical robotic arm is made up of
seven metal segments, joined by
five joints. This allows the computer
to move the arm very precisely,
repeating exactly the same
movement over and over again.
An industrial robot with six joints
closely resembles a human arm.
robot has six degrees of freedom,
meaning it can pivot in six different
ways. A human arm, by comparison,
has seven degrees of freedom
 Parts
1. Controllers:- Controllers are the main processors of the robotic
arms and act as their brains.
2. Arms:- The arm is the main section of the robotic arm and
consists of three parts: the shoulder, elbow and wrist.
3. End effector:- The end effector acts as the hand of the robotic
arm.
4. Drives:- Drives are essentially the motors in between joints
that control the movement and maneuvers. They typically use
belts similar to what is found in car engines.
5. Sensors:- Sensors are more often found on advanced robots.
Some are riddled with sensors that allow them to sense their
environment and react accordingly.
Functionality

Robotic hands
The end effector, or robotic hand, can be
designed to perform any desired task such as
welding, gripping, spinning etc., depending on
the application
For example, robot arms in automotive assembly
lines perform a variety of tasks such as welding
and parts rotation and placement during
assembly
 Common types of industrial robotic arm

 Articulated - This robot design features rotary joints and can range from
simple two joint structures to 10 or more joints. The arm is connected to
the base with a twisting joint. The links in the arm are connected by
rotary joints. Each joint is called an axis and provides an additional
degree of freedom, or range of motion. Industrial robots commonly
have four or six axes.
 Cartesian - These are also called rectilinear or gantry robots. Cartesian
robots have three linear joints that use the Cartesian coordinate system
(X, Y, and Z). They also may have an attached wrist to allow for rotational
movement. The three prismatic joints deliver a linear motion along the
axis.
 Cylindrical - The robot has at least one rotary joint at the base and at
least one prismatic joint to connect the links. The rotary joint uses a
rotational motion along the joint axis, while the prismatic joint moves in
a linear motion. Cylindrical robots operate within a cylindrical-shaped
work envelope.
Manufacture using 3d printer

Industrial Robotic Arms made up of several joints and

actuated by motors are generally used in industrial field for
lifting and manufacturing purposes. 3D printers are
machines used for converting digital 3D model into
physical 3D object. 3D object can be build
by using Additive Manufacturing process.
Advantages & Disadvantages

ADV DIS ADV

1. Precision and accuracy 1. They need constant
2. Improved production monitoring
capacity
3. Fast and efficient
4. Improve factory
working conditions
 OUTLINE
 Robotics is a branch of mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering and computer science that deals with the design,
construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as
computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and
information processing. These technologies deal with
automated machines that can take the place of humans in
dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or
resemble humans in appearance, behaviour, and or cognition.
Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to
the field of bio-inspired robotics.
 The word "robot" was introduced to the public by Czech writer 
Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots),
published in 1920. The term "robotics" was coined by 
Isaac Asimov in his 1941 science fiction short-story "Liar!"[1]
USES
 The robotic technology used in Canadarm (space shuttle
manipulator System) provides humanlike dexterity here on Earth
in a variety of environments. These may include servicing nuclear
power stations, welding and repairing pipelines on the ocean
floor, remote servicing of utility power lines, or cleaning up
radioactive and other hazardous wastes
 The Seaman Magnetic Resonance Centre in Calgary has teamed
up with MDA Space Missions to adapt space robotics for use in
surgery. The benefits are improved accuracy, efficiency, and the
quality of patient care.
 A system developed originally to explore Mars has been
transformed into an agricultural monitoring device for testing the
quality of soil. It has the potential to reduce the environmental
impact of farming.
 Future Scope
1. If more time and more efforts would have been put
into the model, more complexity could have been
brought out.
2. Moreover instead of manual operation of switches
and controller could have been replaced by pre-
defined computer program or merely by pressing
switch operated.
3. Further more varieties and more flexibility to add or
replace any part according to the requirements can
be done to improve its use and increase field of
usage and to make it more universal or flexible.
Conclusion

 The prepared mechanism has been

successfully constrained and executed to carry
out the required work of picking up the weight
of the object like table tennis ball and to put
them in to the placed at different location.
 This robot can be modified using some of the
latest techniques to make it more flexible and
addition of movable joints to increase its
working capacity
THANK YOU