NATIONALISM

EUROPE IN THE 19TH

CENTURY(SPAIN)
PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH
CENTURY

by:
Judith L. Morada
BSAT

Prof. Angelo Bautista

NATIONALISM ?

Patriotism?
- is the belief that your own country
is better than all others
- is a system created by people who believe
their nation is superior to all others.
 THE HISTORY OF NATIONALISM
17th century
 The nation-state began in 1658 with the Treaty
of Westphalia. It ended the 30 Years War between
the Holy Roman Empire and various German
groups.
Industrialization and capitalism strengthened
the need for a self-governing nation to protect
business rights, and merchants partnered with
national governments to help them beat foreign
competitors.
 THE HISTORY OF NATIONALISM
In the late 18th century, the American and
French revolutions formalized large nations that
were free of a monarchy. They ruled by
democracy and endorsed capitalism.
In 1871, Otto von Bismarck created the nation
of Germany from different tribes. By the 20th
century, the entire American and European
continents were governed by sovereign nations.
The Great Depression created economic
conditions so harsh that most countries adopted
nationalism as a defense.
 THE HISTORY OF NATIONALISM
In the late 18th century, the American and
French revolutions formalized large nations that
were free of a monarchy. They ruled by
democracy and endorsed capitalism.
In 1871, Otto von Bismarck created the nation
of Germany from different tribes. By the 20th
century, the entire American and European
continents were governed by sovereign nations.
The Great Depression created economic
conditions so harsh that most countries adopted
nationalism as a defense.
 CHARACTERISTIC OF
NATIONALISM
Food, Behavior

 Common Past Common Past

Majority of Sharing Faith

Belief in common ancestry

CHARACTERISTIC OF
NATIONALISM

Boundaries

Common Dialect

An independent geopolitical
unit of people having a common
culture and identity
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Ethnic nationalism 
defines the nation in terms of ethnicity.
which always includes some element of descent
 from previous generations, i.e. genophilia
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Civic nationalism 
is the form of nationalism in which the 
state derives political legitimacy from the
active participation of its citizenry, from
the degree to which it represents the "will
of the people"..
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Expansionist nationalism  

is an aggressive and radical form of

nationalism that incorporates autonomous,
patriotic sentiments with a belief in
expansionism or recovering formerly
owned territories.
TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Revolutionary nationa
lism

-also known as radical nationalism

is an ideological theory that calls for a
national community united by a shared
sense of purpose and destiny.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Post-colonial nationalism
- Since the process of decolonisation that
occurred after World War II, there has been a
rise of Third World nationalisms

The nationalisms of these nations were

forged in a furnace that required resistance to
colonial domination in order to survive
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Romantic
nationalism
“organic nationalism and identity nationalism “
is the form of ethnic nationalism in which the state
derives political legitimacy as a natural ("organic")
consequence and expression of the nation, race, or
ethnicity.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Cultural nationalism
“defines the nation by
shared culture.

Left-wing nationalism
, also occasionally known as socialist
nationalism, refers to any political movement
that combines left-wing politics or socialism
 with nationalism.
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Religious nationalism
-is the relationship of nationalism to a
particular religious belief, church, or
affiliation.

Pan-nationalism
is usually an ethnic and cultural
nationalism, but the 'nation' is itself a
cluster of related ethnic groups and
cultures, such as Slavic peoples
 TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Language nationalism

Liberation nationalism
19TH CENTURY OF SPAIN

Country in turmoil

1808-1814 – Occupied by Napoleon

“War of Independence”-by emergent Spanish
Nationalism
Spain is divided between liberal ideas that were
associated with revolutionary France and
reaction as personified ruled by Ferdinand VII
19TH CENTURY OF SPAIN

 Country in turmoil
1808-1814 – Occupied by Napoleon
“War of Independence”-by emergent
Spanish Nationalism
Spain is divided between liberal ideas that
were associated with revolutionary France
and reaction as personified ruled by
Ferdinand VII
19TH CENTURY OF
SPAIN

A series civil wars then broke out in Spain,

pitting Spanish liberals and republicans
against conservatives, culminating in the
CARLIST WARS between the moderate
Queen Isabella and her uncle, the
reactionary Infante Carlos.
 19TH CENTURY OF SPAIN

2 Revolutionary :

a. Vicalvarada or “Vicalvaro
Revolution”(1854)- moderate
b. la Gloriosa (Glorious Revolution)
(1868)
19TH CENTURY OF SPAIN

Amadeo I- established First

Spanish Republic

Alfonso XII of Spain- period stability and

reform (1874)
PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH
CENTURY
(JAN. 1 1801 – DEC. 31, 1900)

18th century- Political and economic changes in

Europe began to influence Spain and the
Philippines.
Important as a stimulus to trade was the gradual
elimination of the monopoly enjoyed by the
galleon to Acapulo.
 PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH
CENTURY
(JAN. 1 1801 – DEC. 31, 1900)
The last galleon arrived in Manila in 1815,
and by the mid-1830s Manila was open to
foreign merchants almost without
restriction. The demand for Philippine sugar
and abaca (hemp) grew apace, and the
volume of exports to Europe expanded even
further after the completion of the 
Suez Canal in 1869.
1863- was there public education in the Philippines, and
even then the church controlled the curriculum. Less
than one-fifth of those who went to school could read
and write Spanish, and far fewer could speak it
properly.
The limited higher education in the colony was entirely
under clerical direction, but by the 1880s many sons of
the wealthy were sent to Europe to study.
. José Rizal, this movement’s most brilliant figure, produced
two political novels—Noli me tangere (1887; Touch Me Not)
and El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed)—which had
a wide impact in the Philippines. In 1892 Rizal returned home
and formed the Liga Filipina, a modest reform-minded
society, loyal to Spain, that breathed no word of
independence. But Rizal was quickly arrested by the overly
fearful Spanish, exiled to a remote island in the south, and
finally executed in 1896. Meanwhile, within the Philippines
there had developed a firm commitment to independence
among a somewhat less privileged class.
Shocked by the arrest of Rizal in 1892, these activists quickly
formed the Katipunan under the leadership of Andres Bonifacio, a
self-educated warehouseman. The Katipunan was dedicated to the
expulsion of the Spanish from the islands, and preparations were
made for armed revolt. Filipino rebels had been numerous in the
history of Spanish rule, but now for the first time they were
inspired by nationalist ambitions and possessed the education
needed to make success a real possibility.