CONSERVATION@SANKHU preliminary presentations

SUBMITTED TO

PROF.DR.JIBARAJ POKHREL AR.SUDDHA SHRESTHA AR.SANGITA SHRESTHA AR.DILLRAM SAPKOTA

SUBMITTED BY:

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 One of oldest Newari town
in Kathmandu valley.

 Believed to be 3300 years

old settlement.

 Also known as “sakwo:”

which means “settlement
next to the Tibet”.

 Also known as Shankarpur

 Trade center at “silk route”

from India to Tibet till
1960s.
 INTRODUCTION
 Historical and Archaeological importance

 Galore of culture and heritage from Goddess Bajrayogini

 Unity and identity of town determined by Ritual relation

 Religious significance due to it’s association with

“swasthani bratakatha”
 LOCATION :
 18 Kms north east of
Kathmandu .
 Its elevation is 1460m above
sea level
 On foothills of the Manichaur
mountain range.
 Surrounded by lush green
forest and farm lands.
 SETTING
 Once Surrounded by lush green forest and farm lands
 Spectacular view of landscape and unique cultural
heritage.
 Drained by several rivers and rivulets . the most
important ones is the religiously significant “Sali Nadi”
SETTLEMENT PATTERN
 settlement pattern

 Layout of settlement is based on vedic principles

and cosmic laws.
 Astamatrika yantra where Bajrayogini temple
constitute the center place of the yantra.
OUTER ASTAMATRIKA
Astamatrika yantra
used for both the
outer settlement
consisting of seven
peripheral villages
forming the ancient
sankhu kingdom as
well as the inner
settlement of the
sankhu town itself.
 Present image of sankhu
is old , compact and a
typical newar
settlement .

 consists of narrow
alleys leading to the
large open squares
usually markets and
religious centers.

 It is basically one singe

entity with eight toles
despite its adminstrative
divisions into 3vdcs
 GATES OF SANKHU

 Believed to be fortified town in the past and it had several

gates .
 presently five gates are in existence .
Our area of CONSERVATION

No. of houses
Population
Area
Circulation area
Green area
HERITAGES & MONUMENTS
 PHYSICAL ASPECT
WATER SUPPLY
 Supply via 200mm cast iron pipe from Sali Nadi.
 No proper treatment
 Distribution network of public taps & house connections.
 Reliance on wells as water distribution is not regular.
PHYSICAL ASPECT: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• traditional dumping waste yard “Saga” are almost

perishing
• dumping wastes in haphazard manner in vacant lot.
• Non biodegradable waste dumped like plastic glasses
etc. which requires proper management.
• There is no as such waste collection and disposal
system being practiced in settlement
• Garbage and kitchen waste is dumped in the courtyards and
burnt
PHYSICAL ASPECT DRAINAGE & SEWARAGE

• Raj kulo drainage cum irrigation system

is believed to have constructed at the time of
origin of settlement .

• The traditional system is still efficient as

far as the drainage of storm water is
concerned .

• few cases to connect private toilets to this

open channel which is the cause of concern.

• Earlier the open space defecation was

widespread .

• Construction of private toilets in large

number began taking place.
 Dhunle Mahadev Pati &
Dhowakha VDC Jyotilingeswor

DRAINAGE &
Mahadyoo
Dhowakha

SEWARAGE
Takhasi Pokhari

LAYOUT
DHUNLA TOLE Hiti
H

SALAKHA TOLE
Mahadevsthan Slakha Hiti

 Layouts of drainage
Bhimsensthan H
Temple
Pukhulachi Pokhari SP Bijawa Pokhari

PUKHULACHI TOLE Narayanyoo

Dhowakha

and sewer lines is

TO SALI RIVER
CHALAKHU TOLE

Kusicha Hiti H DUGAHITI TOLE

unplanned and taken

VDC H
Pokhari
Palace
Dugahiti

INLA TOLE

along with streets.

Suntol Hiti
VDC H

SUN TOLE

IPA TOLE
Taleju Temple
LEGEND - I:
SANGAL 1. Black Top Road
2. Brick Paved Road
SP 3. Stone Paved Road
SP Madhav Narayan
4.
5.
Gravel Road
Kulo
Temple
6. Open Space/Greenary
Kalash Bhau Jyabaliyoo
Dhowakha 7. Pokhari
Pokhari Dhowakha
TRAFFIC
BUS PARK SP 8.
9.
Hiti
Gate
H
10. Drain Line
TO KATHMANDU
11. Sewer Line

SH
BHAGYODYA
HIGH SCHOOL

M.Sc. Urban Planning Thesis on

Urban Renewal in the Historic Town of SANKHU

20 0 20 40 60 80 100m DRAINAGE SCALE :- 1:2000

OF DRG. NO. :-

SANKHU
SCALE :- 1:1000 DATE :- April 2003
PHYSICAL ASPECT EDUCATION
• Bagyodaya Madhyamic Vidyala, up to campus
level started offering BBS course.
• 4 primary schools run by government
• Several English boarding schools have come up
recently.
• Literacy rate 58.70%( Male 74.4 %, Female 42.5%)
• Teacher student ratio=1:33.5
• Free primary education scheme increased the
enrollment figures
• high dropouts after primary level is major concern.
PHYSICAL ASPECT EDUCATION
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40 MALE
20 FEMALE
0 TOTAL
PHYSICAL ASPECT HEALTH:
family preference
6%
38%
dhami jhakri health post
hospital

56%

• Health post with inadequate numbers of medical

staff and logistics is not sufficient to provide the
required health care facilities.
• Focus seems to lie on providing family planning services
PHYSICAL ASPECT ENERGY

0%
Fuel for cooking
48% 49% firewood
gobar gas
kerosene
LPG
electricity
1% 1%

 Electricity is used for lighting purpose

 Firewood and LPG gas are mostly used for
cooking purposes
PHYSICAL ASPECT INFORMATION

RADIO
7% 28%
TV
TELEPHONE
32% COMPUTER

33%

SOURCES OF INFORMATION
 PHYSICAL ASPECT TRANSPORTATION
• SANKHU- KATHMANDU(BLACKTOPPED
ROAD) Existing traffic like bottle neck in
chabahil, baudha and jorpati before
reaching sankhu creating traffic congestion

• Under construction of SANKHU –

BAHUNEPATI EARTHERN ROAD (22 km) can
enhance traditional linkage with its
economic watershed and hinterland for
trade and commerce.

• Under construction of Sankhu-Nagarkot

earthen road (9km)

• Improvement of bus park facility needed.

20/25 buses giving service from 5am to 7
pm.
SOCIAL ASPECT ECONOMY

• Decline of earlier economic prosperity

• Unemployment problem
• Agro based community
• Export of High quality rice and potato

agriculture
service
business
labour
industry
economics
SOCIAL ASPECT POPULACE
 Exclusive majority population are the Newars .
 Newars are divided into different occupational subcastes
 Newari rites and rituals determines the lifestyle.
 Occasional feasts and festivals for social gathering and
entertainment
 “Guthi” as a social institution and cultural group
SOCIAL ASPECT POPULACE
Caste composition
others
joshi (astrologer)
sayami (oil pressers)
number of household
Malla ( Mixed descents)
bajracharya (priest)
jyapu (Farmer)
shrestha (traders)
0 100 200 300 400 500
SOCIAL ASPECT HOUSING CONDITION

• New buildings rapidly replacing the traditional

appearance .
• Incompatiable new building materials as cement
plaster and corrugated iron sheets used
• Structural problems caused by aging of traditional
buildings needs immediate attention.
SOCIAL ASPECT HOUSING CONDITION
house and roofs 14% 1% 26%
khar roof
tile roof
CGI roof
RCC
59%

• Some buildings made with an sunburnt bricks and

hatched roof are on verge of collapse
• Tendency to sell wood carving and replace them with
grill windows.
• No legal provisions and control of local authority
SOCIAL ASPECT SOCIAL INSTITUTION

Social institutions

farmers group
community forestry
group
cooperative society
NGO
cultural group
RELIGIOUS ASPECT POPULACE
1%

HINDUS
BUDDHIST
OTHERS

99%
RELIGIOUS COMPOSTION
RELIGIOUS ASPECT JATRA
BAJRAYOGINI JATRA
 starts from full moon day of the month chaitra for 8 days
 3000 years old jatra
 People carry chariots of bajrayogini along with chariot of
4 deities
SWASTHANI BRATA MELA
 Brata starts from poush to magh
 Madhav narayan is taken along the route from sankhu
to “Sali nadi”
JATRA ROUTE

BAJRAYOGINI JATRA

MADHAV NARAYAN
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITY THREATS
Ancient Newari Weak transportation Tourism potential Loss of architectural and
Settlement- living network archaelogical heritages
example
Community Lack of Religious pilgrimage Loss of cultural social
participation documentation & values.
preservation
Proximity to Unemployment and Institutional Migration of elites
kathamandu Economic difficulties development Brain drain.

Educated and active Lack of awareness Cottage and handicraft Disaster prone
manpower industry

Fertile soil and Unscientific Agricultural Haphazard urbanisation

agricultural prospect Agrobased society development
EXISTING MASTER PLAN
EXISTING ELEVATIONS
EXISTING DETAILS
INVENTORY