SENTENCE WITH ONE CLAUSE &

MULTIPLE CLAUSE

MEETING 1
 Learning Outcomes

By the end of the lesson, students will be able

to:

LO 1: Identify the sentences and clauses

 CONTENTS

 Be sure the sentences has a subject and

verb
 Be careful of object of preposition
 Be careful of appositives
 Be careful of present participles
 Be careful of past participles
 Sentence with One Clause
PHRASE
a group of words, without a subject and a
verb

CLAUSE
a group of words containing a subject and a
verb

SENTENCE
has a subject & a verb and can stand alone
or be combined with another clause
 Sentence with One Clause

Be sure that the sentence has

a subject + a verb

He climbed the tree

 Try one more time 

________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.

(A)Yesterday Remember:
Notice that there is a verb was, but no subject.
(B)In the morning Answer (C) is the best answer because the
(C)Traffic singular subject traffic agrees with the singular
(D)Cars verb was. (D) could also be subject, but it’s plural
and does not agree with was.

Engineers ______________for work on the new space program.

(A) necessary Remember:
(B) are needed The sentence has a subject engineers,
(C) hopefully no verb. (B) is the only verb, thus it is
(D) next month the best answer.
 Exercise 1
Please indicate if the sentences are correct or incorrect.

1) Last week went fishing for trout at the nearby mountain

lake. Incorrect  no Subject

2) A schedule of the day’s events can be obtained at the front

desk.

3) A job on the day shift or the night shift at the plant

available.

4) The new computer program has provides a variety of

helpful applications.

5) The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver.

 Exercise 1 (cont’d)
Please indicate if the sentences are correct or incorrect.

6) The assigned text for history class it contains more than

twenty chapters.

7) The papers in the wastebasket should be emptied into the

trash can outside.

8) Departure before dawn on the boat in the middle of the

harbor.

9) Yesterday found an interesting article on pollution.

10) The new machine is processes 50 percent more than the

previous machine.
 Be Careful of
Objects of Prepositions

Object of A preposition is Such as in, at,

followed by a noun, of, to, by,
prepositions pronoun, gerund, or behind, on, and
(OP) noun clause so on

OP
S V
(After his exams) Tom will take a trip (by boat).

OP

If a word is an OP, it
is not the subject.
 Exercise 2
Please indicate if the sentences are correct or incorrect.
1. The interviews by radio broadcasters were carried live by
the station. Correct

2. In the last possible moment before take off took his seat
in the airplane.

3. At the neighborhood flower shop, flowers in quantities of

a dozen or a half dozen can be delivered for free.

4. The progressive reading methods at this school are given

credit for the improved test scores.

5. For the last three years at various hospitals in the country

has been practicing medicine.
Sentences with Multiple Clauses
( Page 209-216)
 CONTENTS

• Use coordinate connectors correctly

• Use adverb time and cause connection
correctly
• Use other adverb connectors correctly
 Sentence with Multiple Clause

CLAUSE
A group of words containing a subject
and a verb

CLAUSE + CLAUSE

Add Connectors
 Use Coordinate Connectors Correctly

COORDINATE CONNECTORS
and but or so yet

S V, coordinate connector S V
She laughed, but she wanted to cry.

When you have two clauses in a sentence, you must

connect them correctly. One way to connect is to use and,
but, or, so or yet between the clauses.
 Use Coordinate Connectors Correctly
yet so but or

Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing.

Tom is tired, ___ he is not going to sleep.

A power failure occurred, ___ the lamps went out.

The missing wallet was found, ___ the cash had been
removed.

Tom must write the letter, ___ Paul will do it.

 Use Adverb Time and Cause
Connection Correctly

ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS

TIME CAUSE
after as soon as once when as now that
as before since whenever because since
long as by the time until while inasmuch as

S V adverb connector S V
Theresa went inside because it was raining.

adverb connector V, raining, S went

V inside.
Because itS was Theresa
 Use Adverb Time and Cause
Connection Correctly

Take a look at these examples:

I will sign the check before you leave.

Before you leave, I will sign the check.

Since he was late, I missed the appointment.

 Use Other Adverb Connectors Correctly

OTHER ADVERB CONNECTORS

CONDITON CONTRAST MANNER PLACE
if although as where
in case even though in that wherever
provided though
providing while
unless whereas
whether

S went
Bob V to school adverb connector
even though S felt
he V sick.

adverb connector S felt

V, sick, S went
V to school.
Even though Bob he
NOTE: a comma is often used in the middle of the sentence with a contrast connector.

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 Use Other Adverb Connectors Correctly

Take a look at these examples:

Adverb Connector
S V S V
I will leave at 7:00 if I am ready.

Although I was late, I managed to catch the train.

S V S V
Adverb Connector
More Sentences with Multiple
Clauses (Page 217-225)
 CONTENTS

• Use noun clause connectors correctly

• Use noun clause connectors/subject correctly
• Use adjective clause connectors correctly
• Use adjective clause connector/subjects
correctly
 Using Noun Clause Connectors Correctly

NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS

• what, when, where, why, how • whatever, whenever • whether, if • that

NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT

I know what you did.
S V noun connector S V

NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT

What you did was wrong.
noun connector S V V
 Using Noun Clause Connectors Correctly

Take a look at these examples:

I know when he will arrive.

Noun clause as object of verb

I am concerned about when he will arrive.

Noun clause as object of preposition

when he will arrive is not important.

Noun clause as subject
 Using Noun Clause Connectors/Subjects
Correctly

NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS

who what which
whoever whatever whichever

NOUN CLAUSE AS OBJECT

ISknow
V noun
whatconnector V
happened.

NOUN CLAUSE AS SUBJECT

noun What
connector/subject happened
V was
V great.
 Using Noun Clause Connectors/Subjects
Correctly

Take a look at these examples:

I do not know what is in the box.

Noun clause as object of verb

We are concerned about who will do the work.

Noun clause as object of preposition

Whoever is coming to the party must bring a gift.

Noun clause as subject

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 Using Adjective Clause
Connectors Correctly
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS
whom which that
(for people) (for things) (for people or things)

I liked the book whichconnector

adjective you
S recommended.
V
S V

The book which you recommended was interesting.

S adjective connector S V V
NOTE: The adjective connectors can be omitted. This omission is very common in spoken
English or in casual written English. It is not as common in formal English or in structure
questions on the TOEFL test.
 Using Adjective Clause
Connectors Correctly

The woman is filling the glass that she put on the table.
Adjective clause

The glass that she put on the table contains milk.

Adjective clause
 Using Adjective Clause
Connectors/Subjects Correctly
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS/SUBJECTS
who which that
(for people) (for things) (for people or things)

She needs a secretaryadjective connector/subject

who types
V fast.
S V

A secretary who
adjective connector/subject types
V fast is
V invaluable.
S
NOTE: The adjective connectors can be omitted. This omission is very common in spoken
English or in casual written English. It is not as common in formal English or in structure
questions on the TOEFL test.
 Using Adjective Clause
Connectors/Subjects Correctly

The woman is filling the glass that is on the table.

Adjective clause

The glass that is on the table contains milk.

Adjective clause

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 Exercise (p. 226)
3. _____ contained in the
1. ______ loom high above the northern chromosomes, and they are
and northeastern boundaries of the thought of as the units of
expanding city of Tucson. heredity.
a) The Santa Catalina mountains a) Genes which are
b) Because the Santa Catalina b) Genes are
mountains c) When genes
c) The Santa Catalina mountains d) Because of genes
are
d) That the Santa Catalina 4. The benefit ____ the study is
2.mountains
Radioactive ______ provides a that it provides necessary
powerful way to measure information to anyone who
geologic time. needs it.
a) it a) of
b) dates b) which
c) dating c) that
d) can d) because
 Exercise (p. 226)
7. ____ in the first draft of the
5. The same symptoms that occur ____ budget will not necessarily
occur with cocaine. be in the final draft.
a) amphetamines can a) Although it appears
b) with amphetamines can b) It appears
c) so amphetamines c) What appears
d) with amphetamines they d) Despite its appearance

6. Many companies across the 8. If a food label indicates that a

country have molded the food is mostly carbohydrate, it
concepts _____ describes into does not mean _____ is a
an integrated strategy for good food to eat.
preventing stress. a) and it
a) and Wolf b) and
b) that Wolf c) that it
c) what Wolf d) when
d) so Wolf
 Exercise (p. 226)

9. A need for space law to include commercial concerns

has been recognized inasmuch ____ been expanding
drastically in recent years.
a) the commercial launch industry
b) the commercial launch industry has
c) as has the commercial launch industry
d) as the commercial launch industry has

10. The report on the nuclear power plant indicated that

when the plant had gone on line _____ unsafe.
a) and it had been
b) it had been
c) had been
d) that it had been
 Supporting Materials

1. www.testmagic.com/toefl/gramm_quizzes/201_21
0/quiz.htm#
2. http://www.learn4good.com/languages/toefl/toefl_
stan_test2.htm
3. http://www.ets.org/ell/testpreparation/toefl/

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 References

Phillips, D., 2001. Longman Complete Course For The TOEFL

Test. White Plains: Pearson Education.

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