Advanced Microprocessors

80286,80386 and 80486

i3,i5 and i7
 80286
 80286 is an first advanced Processor with Memory management
unit and Protection abilities
 24 bit address bus available which can address 16 Mbytes of
Physical memory
 It runs with 12.5Mhz clock frequency
 It is compatible with its predecessors like 8086 and 8088
processors
 It works in 2 operating modes like
 Address mode &
 Virtual Address mode
 Real Address mode: 80286 can address up to 1Mb of
physical memory address like 8086
 Virtual Address mode:it can address up to 16 Mb of
physical memory address space and 1 Gb of virtual
memory address space
 In real address mode, the 80286 is object code
compatible with 8086.
 In protected virtual address mode, it is source code
compatible with 8086
Comparison between 8086 and 80286
 8086
 Intel 8086 was developed in 1978
 It has almost 3000 different
instruction for programming
 Peripheral ICs are not available on
board
 Operating frequencies are between
5 to 10MHz
 No memory management capability
 20 bit address line, which can
access 2^20=1MB memory
 8086 operates in Real addressing
mode
 Slow performance compared with
80286 .
 Push and pop instructions are used
to store in stack memory
 80286
 Intel 80286 was developed 1983
 More instructions available
compared to 8086
 Peripheral ICs are available on
Board
 Operating frequencies are between
8 to 12.5MHz
 80286 has memory management
capability that maps 2^30 (1GB)
virtual memory
 Operates in Real mode and
protection mode
 808286 is high speed processor
compared with 8086. almost 6 times
 Push , pop and push immediately
instructions are availabe
 Features of 80386
 It is an 32 bit processor that supports 8,16 and 32-bit operands.
 It has 32 bit registers , 32 bit internal and external bus and 32 bit
address bus
 Due to 32 bit address bus, it can address up to 4 GB of physical
memory
 It can support total virtual memory space almost 64 terra byte
 It is available in 275 K transistors
 Its operating clock speed is 16 Mhz to 33Mhz
 This processor has memory management unit with a segmentation
unit and paging unit
 It operates in Real, Protected and virtual mode
 Its 80386 instructions set is upward compatible with all its
predecessors
 80386 processor supports intel 80387 numeric data processor.
Comparison between 80286 and 80386
80286
 Intel 80286 was developed in
1983 and it is advanced
version of 80186
 16 bit processor
 134K transistor in a 68 pin IC
 24 bit address lines , 16 MB
of physical memory can be
accessed
 80286 support numeric
processors
 8 byte prefetch queue
80386
 Intel 80386 was developed in
1985 and it is advanced
version of 80286
 32 bit processor
 275K transistor in 132 pin IC
 32 bit data and 32 bit address
lines , 4GB of physical
address it can support
 Supports numeric processors
 It is having 16 byte prefetch
queue
 Features of 80486
 It has complete 32 bit architecture
 It is available in 25 Mhz, 33Mhz, 50Mhz and 100Mhz clock
frequency versions
 More pipe lining has been introduced to improve the performance
 Floating point unit is integrated with 80486 processor and hence the
delay in communication between CPU and FPU has been eliminated
 For fast execution of complex instructions, 80486 has 5 stage
pipelining 2- decoding and 3 for execution
 Clock doubling and clock tripling technology is incorporated in faster
versions of intel 80486 cpu
 Power management mode is standard feature of 80486