ANGIOGRAPHY

PRESENTED BY: MULITUBA, NAIRAH D.

What is ANGIOGRAPHY?

 Angiography or arteriography is a medical

imaging technique used to visualize the
inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and
organs of the body, with particular interest
in the arteries, veins, and the heart
chambers. This is traditionally done by
injecting a radio-opaque contrast agent
into the blood vessel and imaging using
X-ray based techniques such as
fluoroscopy.
 Why angiography is used?
 Angiography is used to check the health of the blood vessels and how blood flows through.

 It can help to diagnose or investigate several problems affecting blood vessels, including:
• atherosclerosis – narrowing of the arteries, which could mean you're at risk of having a stroke or
heart attack
• peripheral arterial disease – reduced blood supply to the leg muscles
• a brain aneurysm – a bulge in a blood vessel in your brain
• angina – chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles
• blood clots or a pulmonary embolism – a blockage in the artery supplying your lungs
• a blockage in the blood supply to your kidneys
 Angiography may also be used to help plan treatment for some of these conditions.
Types of angiography
 There are several different types of angiography, depending on which part of the body is being
looked at.

 Common types include:

 coronary angiography – to check the heart and nearby blood vessels
 cerebral angiography – to check the blood vessels in and around the brain
 pulmonary angiography – to check the blood vessels supplying the lungs
 renal angiography – to check the blood vessels supplying the kidneys

 Occasionally, angiography may be done using scans instead of X-rays. These are called CT
angiography or MRI angiography.
 There's also a type of angiography that's used to check the eyes, called fluorescein angiography.
It's different to the other types of angiography and is not covered in this topic.
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

BEFORE PROCEDURE

 This may involve:

 Assess the patient medical history, including if the patient have any allergies
 Assess for patient any medicine taking – the patient told if they need to stop taking it before the
test
 Assess for patient’s tests to check the general health, including a physical examination and blood
test
 discussing the procedure, including what it involves, what the risks are, what the need to do
before the test and whether the patient like to have a sedative on the day to help relax
 If the patient decide to have a sedative, they asked to not eat for a few hours before the test.
During Procedure
 For the test:

 The patient usually awake, but general anaesthetic (where they asleep) may be used for young
children
 a small cut is made in the skin over 1 of the arteries, usually near your groin or wrist – local
anaesthetic is used to numb the area so it does not hurt
 a long, thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into the artery and is carefully guided to the area
being examined – the patient may feel some pushing and pulling when this is done, but it should
not be painful
 a special dye (contrast agent) is injected through the catheter – patient may feel warm, flushed
and as though patient need to pee for a few seconds after this is done
 a series of X-rays are taken as the dye flows through the blood vessels
 Sometimes treatment may be done at the same time, such as inserting a balloon or a small tube to
open a narrowed artery. This is known as angioplasty.
After Procedure
 After taking the X-ray images, the doctor will remove the catheter and apply steady pressure on
the area for about 15 minutes. This ensures that there is no internal bleeding.
 A nurse will then take the person back to their hospital room or to the cardiac unit. The doctor
may return later to discuss the person’s results.
 After an angiogram, a person should try to rest as much as possible at home. Tips to keep in
mind during recovery include:

 avoiding driving or operating machinery until the sedative has completely worn off
 drinking plenty of water
 avoiding strenuous physical activity for the few first days
 applying a fresh bandage as often as the doctor recommends
 keeping the wound clean and dry
 avoiding taking baths, using hot tubs, or swimming in pools while the wound heals.
 Patient should contact their doctor if they suspect they have an infection. Symptoms of an
infection include:

• redness, swelling, or worsening pain near the wound

• drainage or discharge from the wound
• fever
NURSING DIAGNOSIS

1. Anxiety related to the unknown procedure

2. Risk for infection related to dye insertion via catheter
3. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to skin incision
4. Risk for bleeding related to treatment regimen
5. Risk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion related to aneuresym