General

Psychology
Prepared by Ms. Ana Ruth M. Andalajao
Psychology
psyche logus
mind study of
/soul
Animism
It is the first spiritual
concept of humankind. It
applies to the belief that
within all creatures and all
objects there exist a soul
or personality.
Greeks
DEMOCRITUS

Theorized that the human

mind is composed of
atoms, which penetrate in
and out of our system.
Greeks
PLATO

Believed that the soul is

distinct to man and is
God-given.
Greeks
ARISTOTLE
He was considered as the
Father of Psychology because
he is the first to put into
writing his explanation
pertaining the behavior of
man.
Greeks
HIPPOCRATES
He is the father of medicine,
first theorized that mental
disorders arose from
natural causes.
Schools of
THOUGHT
 Schools of THOUGHT
A school of psychology or school of
thought is an organized explanation
of certain phenomena believed by
groups of people supporting the
principle (Aguirre, 2011)
STRUCTURALISM (1879)
 Advocated by the founder of the
first psychological laboratory,
Wilhelm Wundt.
 Structuralists’ main concern is
the study of what made up
consciousness.
STRUCTURALISM (1879)
 They define
psychology in terms of
what is experienced by
human organism.
STRUCTURALISM (1879)
Introspection is the
method of observing and
reporting as accurately as
possible one’s thoughts
and sensations.
STRUCTURALISM (1879)
 Edward B. Tichener
formally established and
named structuralism but soon
broke away from Wundt’s
idea.
STRUCTURALISM (1879)
 One of the contributions of
Structuralism to Psychology is
the emergence of other
school of thoughts opposing
its orthodoxy.
 FUNCTIONALISM (1894)
 “A psychology that attempts to
give an accurate and systematic
answer to the questions, ‘What do
men do?’ and ‘Why do they do it?’
is called functional psychology.”
- Robert S. Woodsworth
FUNCTIONALISM (1894)
 Instead of asking “What is
consciousness?” Functionalists
asks “What is consciousness
for?”
 FUNCTIONALISM (1894)
 William James developed an
extensive positive program for
psychology with emphasis on
pragmatism, which calls for the
validation of knowledge in terms of
the consequences, values or utility.
 FUNCTIONALISM (1894)
 John Dewey believes that anything
which happens must answer some
need or goal.
 James Angell and Harvey Carr also
let the revolt of the functionalist
against structuralism.
 BEHAVIORISM (1913)
 Ivan Pavlov, a Russian
physiologist experimented with
a dog and it’s stimulus and
response which gave way to the
discovery of Classical
Conditioning.
 BEHAVIORISM (1913)
 John B. Watson believed that
psychology is the study of observable
behavior and environmental factors
that control behavior. The province of
psychology is the behavior and its
goal is the prediction and control of
this behavior.
 BEHAVIORISM (1913)
 B. F. Skinner developed
behavior modification through
operant conditioning.
 GESTALT (1912)
 Popularized and established
by Max Wertheimer, Kurt
Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler
and Kurt Lewin.
 GESTALT (1912)

What do you see? Do you perceive 16 isolated dots or

dots organized into 4 squares?
 GESTALT (1912)
 It originated from Germany
emphasizing the organization,
the quality of wholeness, that
inheres in both behavior and
experience.
PSYCHOANALYSIS (1800s)
 Sigmund Freud contributed
with the ideas of unconscious
motivation, behavior influenced
by motives and not awareness.
PSYCHOLOGY is the
scientific study and practical
application of observable
behavior and mental
processes of organisms
(AGUIRRE, 2011)
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PSYCHOLOGY is the
scientific study and practical
application of observable
behavior and mental
processes of organisms
(AGUIRRE, 2011)
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Behavior refers to the
actions and reactions of the
individual when exposed or
placed on a certain situation
or environment.

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TYPES OF BEHAVIOR
1. COVERT & OVERT
COVERT is something hidden
OVERT is readily observable

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TYPES OF BEHAVIOR

2. RATIONAL & IRRATIONAL

RATIONAL is when the individual thinks

logically or thoroughly before doing
anything.
IRRATIONAL is when emotions can
overpower reason.
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TYPES OF BEHAVIOR

3. UNCONSCIOUS & CONSCIOUS

UNCONSCIOUS occurs without the individual being

aware especially of its effects or consequences.
CONSCIOUS is when the individual is very much
aware of his or her intentions and the outcome of
his or her responses or reactions to other people.

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TYPES OF BEHAVIOR

4. SIMPLE & COMPLEX

SIMPLE is when the individual applies

only one sense or system in a particular
situation at a given moment.
COMPLEX involves many systems
including the subsystems of the human
body simultaneously. ROT2014
PSYCHOLOGY is the
scientific study and practical
application of observable
behavior and mental
processes of organisms
(AGUIRRE, 2011)
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SOME MENTAL PROCESSES…

a. Perception
b. Attention
c. Capability to remember
d. To reason
e. To solve problems

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PSYCHOLOGY is the
scientific study and practical
application of observable
behavior and mental
processes of organisms
(AGUIRRE, 2011)
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4 GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY

Describe

Understand

Predict

Control
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 end
Sources:

AGUIRRE, F. et al. (2011). Introduction to Psychology 2011 Ed. Mutya Publishing House
Inc. Malabon City
BIRION, J. et al. (2013). General Psychology. Mutya Pulishing House Inc. Malabon City.
SEVILLA, C. et al. (2006). General Psychology with Values Development Lesson 4th
Edition. Rex Bookstore. Sampaloc, Manila.