PRIMARY

PRODUCTIVITY
(ENERGY FLOW).
MUHAMMAD HAIDAR AMRULLAH
NPM 1906452183 / S2 BIOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
 KEY POINTS:

PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY GROSS ENERGY TRANSFER ECOLOGICAL

PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVITY AND BETWEEN TROPHIC PYRAMIDS
NET PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL
 PRODUCERS ARE
THE ENERGY
GATEWAY
(PLANTS, ALGAE, AND
PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA ACT AS
PRODUCERS).

Source: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/intro-to-ecosystems/a/energy-flow-primary-productivity
 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IS A TERM USED
Primary TO DESCRIBE THE RATE AT WHICH
PLANTS AND OTHER PHOTOSYNTHETIC
Productivity ORGANISMS PRODUCE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS IN AN ECOSYSTEM.

Source: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab12/primary.html#:~:text=Primary%20productivity%20is%20a%20term,organic%20compounds%20in%20an%20ecosystem.
PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY

PRODUCTIVITY IS THE RATE AT WHICH BIOMASS IS SIMPLY THE AMOUNT OF

ENERGY IS ADDED TO THE BODIES OF MATTER THAT'S STORED IN THE BODIES
ORGANISMS IN THE FORM OF BIOMASS. OF A GROUP OF ORGANISMS.

Source: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/intro-to-ecosystems/a/energy-flow-primary-
productivity
 THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE PRIMARY
PRODUCERS OF AN ECOSYSTEM

 Gross primary productivity (GPP), is the rate at which solar energy is

captured in sugar molecules during photosynthesis (energy captured per
unit area per unit time).
 Net primary productivity (NPP), s gross primary productivity minus the
rate of energy loss to metabolism and maintenance.
 NET PRODUCTIVITY = GROSS PRODUCTIVITY -
RESPIRATION
Source: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab12/primary.html#:~:text=Primary%20productivity%20is%20a%20term,organic
%20compounds%20in%20an%20ecosystem.
NET PRIMARY
PRODUCTIVITY
(2000-2016).
THE MAPS ABOVE SHOW
ONE WAY TO MONITOR THE
CARBON “METABOLISM” OF
EARTH’S VEGETATION.
THEY SHOW NET PRIMARY
PRODUCTIVITY, WHICH IS
HOW MUCH CARBON
DIOXIDE VEGETATION
TAKES IN DURING
PHOTOSYNTHESIS MINUS
HOW MUCH CARBON
DIOXIDE THE PLANTS
RELEASE DURING
RESPIRATION
(METABOLIZING SUGARS
AND STARCHES FOR
ENERGY). Source:
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/global-maps/MOD17A2_M_PSN
 HISTORICAL SURVEY OF PRIMARY
PRODUCTIVITY RESEARCH
Source: Lieth, H., 1975. Historical survey of primary productivity research. In Primary productivity of the biosphere
(pp. 7-16). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Source: Lieth, H., 1975. Historical survey of primary productivity research. In Primary productivity of the
biosphere (pp. 7-16). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Source: Lieth, H., 1975. Historical survey of primary productivity research. In Primary productivity of the biosphere
(pp. 7-16). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
HOW DOES ENERGY MOVE BETWEEN TROPHIC LEVELS?

 Energy can pass from one

trophic level to the next when
organic molecules from an
organism's body are eaten by
another organism.

Producers (plants) and consumers (fish) of Silver Springs. Image credit:

"Glass Bottom Boat ride, Silver Springs Florida," by Katie Yaeger Rotramel,
CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
 MODELING ECOSYSTEMS ENERGY FLOW:
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

 The structure of ecosystems can be visualized

with ecological pyramids, which were first
described by the pioneering studies of
Charles Elton in the 1920s.
 Ecological pyramids show the relative
amounts of various parameters (such as
number of organisms, energy, and biomass)
across trophic levels.

Source: https://biologydictionary.net/ecological-pyramid/#:~:text=An%20ecological
%20pyramid%20is%20a,represents%20the%20flow%20of%20energy.
 ECOLOGIC
AL
PYRAMIDS

Figures: Ecological pyramids: Ecological

pyramids depict the (a) biomass, (b) number of
organisms, and (c) energy in each trophic level.

Source: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book
%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/46%3A_Ecosystems/46.2%3A_Energy_Flow_through_Ecosystems/46.2D
%3A_Ecological_Pyramids
 The pathways of energy flow through the
The entrance key to this pathway is
ecosystem: sensible heat, reflection,
photosynthesis. The first important observable
evapotranspiration and metabolism,
effect is plant biomass accumulation: the net
metabolism is usually the narrowest but
primary productivity (NPP).
nevertheless the most important road.

PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN ECOSYSTEMS:

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL PATTERNS
(Lieth, H., 1975. Primary productivity in ecosystems: comparative analysis of global patterns. In Unifying concepts in
ecology (pp. 67-88). Springer, Dordrecht).
 The earth's vegetation cover consists of a generic matrix of taxa which perform the key
photosynthetic processes in very similar ways but differing widely in the quantity of
production and the allocation of the products.

The results of these differences substantiate the various physiognomic vegetation types as we
commonly discuss them in the biological sciences.

VEGETATION TYPES AND PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS

Table 1:
- Therefore we compare the NPP of different biomes of the world.
- This table presents the productive power of world vegetation in two ways: dry matter accumulation
and energy fixation.
It is based on a table published several times (Lieth, 1972,1973) and corrected with new data provided by Murphy (1975), Whittaker & Likens (1975),
Jones & Gore (1974) and Rodin et al. (1972).
Primary producers, which are Productivity is the rate at Gross productivity is the Net productivity is lower: it is Ecological pyramids are
usually plants and other which energy is added to the overall rate of energy capture. gross productivity adjusted for visual representations of
photosynthesizers, are the bodies of a group of organisms, the energy used by the energy flow, biomass
gateway through which energy such as primary producers, in organisms in accumulation, and number of
enters food webs. the form of biomass. respiration/metabolism, so it individuals at different trophic
reflects the amount of energy levels.
stored as biomass.

SUMMARY
THAKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION.