COMPLEX

NUMBERS
BY
SHREYA KUCHHAL
DARSHIKA KOTHARI
RIYA GUPTA
SIMRAN SARDA
 a + bi

COMPLEX
NUMBERS

a bi
REAL IMAGINARY
NUMBERS NUMBERS
COMPLEX NUMBER IN TERMS OF IMAGINARY
AND REAL NUMBERS – A Complex Number is the
sum of a real and a pure imaginary number
Y
P (x,y)
y

x M X

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF COMPLEX NUMBER x + yi

X-axis is the real axis ( real numbers are represented on the X-axis)
Y- axis is the imaginary axis ( imaginary numbers are represented on the Y-axis)
 
VALUE OF i
Eg . =
= =i
 i = i2 = -1

i3 i2  i -i
i4 i2  i2 = -1 -1 1
ii55 i2  i2  i ii
ii66 i2  i2 i2 −1
−1
i00 i1-1  = i11.i-1  = i11/i = i/i =1 1
i i = i .i = i /i = i/i =1
1-1  -1 
1
i−1 1/-i = -i/(-i)2 = -i/1 −i
i−1 1/-i = -i/(-i)2 = -i/1 −i
i−2 1/i2 −1
i−2 1/i23 −1
i−3 1/i =1/-i=i/(-i)2 i
i−3 1/i3=1/-i=i/(-i)2 i
From the above table we can see, the power of i
repeats in a cycle,
 OPERATIONS WITH COMPLEX NUMBERS
Let the two complex numbers be Z1 = x1 + yi1
Z2 = x2 + yi2
ION
ADDITION Z1 + Z2 = (x + x ) + (y + y )i
1 2 1 2

Z 1 + Z2
NEGATIVE - Z = -x + -(y )i
1 1 1

OF Z 1

SUBTRACTION Z1 - Z2 = (x - x ) + (y - y )i
1 2 1 2

Z1 - Z2
ADDITIVE -(x + y ) = -x + -(y )i
1 1 1 1
INVERSE The sum of Z1 and its additive inverse
OF Z1 should be zero
 MULTIPLICATION BY
m(x + y ) = mx + my i
1 1 1 1
INTEGER (m)
Z1 m

  DIVISON BY  
INTEGER (m) (x + y ) = + i
1 1

Z1 m

 
MULTIPLICATION OF
TWO COMPLEX
(x + yi ) (x + yi ) = (x x – y y ) +
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2

NUMBERS Z1 Z2 (x y + y x )i
1 2 1 2

 DIVISION OF TWO   =
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Z2 Z 1

  = =
RECIPROCAL
OF Z 1
 
MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSE – The reciprocal of Z is 1

known as its multiplicative inverse

Multiplicative inverse of Z = =
1

CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER – Is formed

by changing the sign of the imaginary part
Conjugate of = = = x – yi
Example of multiplicative EXAMPLE OF CONJUGATE
inwards  

4+ 7i = 4 - 7i
 PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE

  (vii) =  is a purely real number it has no

imaginary part
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
A COMPLEX NUMBER
 MODULUS
 The absolute value of a complex number , x+yi (also called
the modulus ) is defined as the distance between the origin
(0,0) and the point (x,y) in the complex plane. |x+yi|=√x2+y2

|z| = where x = Re(z), y = Im(z)

i.e., √Re(z)2 +Im(z)2

so
 
 PROPERTIES OF MODULI
 i. = 0 z =0

ii. =2

iii. and
 AMPLITUDE/ARGUEMENT
 An amplitude of a complex number is an angle which OP makes with positive
direction of x-axis in an anticlockwise sense.
Example- Amplitude:  

Y
Imaginary axis
P(x,y)

r
b

 𝜃
X’ O x Real axis X
Y ’
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
AMPLITUDE
P(-a,b) P(a,b)

𝜃=𝜋
  −𝛼 𝜃=𝛼
 

𝜃=−(𝜋
  −𝛼 ) 𝜃=−𝛼
 

P(-a,-b) P(a,-b)

  Note-
 REPRESENTATIVE FORMS
 Cartesian form- or

Polar form- or

Note- stands for and stands for the amplitude of the complex number.